Luberto Christina M, Shinday Nina, Song Rhayun, Philpotts Lisa L, Park Elyse R, Fricchione Gregory L, Yeh Gloria Y
Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA, USA, 02114.
Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 151 Merrimac St, Boston, MA, USA, 02114.
Mindfulness (N Y). 2018 Jun;9(3):708-724. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0841-8. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Increased attention has focused on methods to increase empathy, compassion, and pro-social behavior. Meditation practices have traditionally been used to cultivate pro-social outcomes, and recently investigations have sought to evaluate their efficacy for these outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of meditation for pro-social emotions and behavior. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane databases (inception-April 2016) using the search terms: mindfulness, meditation, mind-body therapies, tai chi, yoga, MBSR, MBCT, empathy, compassion, love, altruism, sympathy, or kindness. Randomized controlled trials in any population were included (26 studies with 1,714 subjects). Most were conducted among healthy adults (=11) using compassion or loving kindness meditation (=18) over 8-12weeks (=12) in a group format (=17). Most control groups were wait-list or no-treatment (=15). Outcome measures included self-reported emotions (e.g., composite scores, validated measures) and observed behavioral outcomes (e.g., helping behavior in real-world and simulated settings). Many studies showed a low risk of bias. Results demonstrated small to medium effects of meditation on self-reported (SMD = .40, < .001) and observable outcomes (SMD = .45, < .001) and suggest psychosocial and neurophysiological mechanisms of action. Subgroup analyses also supported small to medium effects of meditation even when compared to active control groups. Clinicians and meditation teachers should be aware that meditation can improve positive pro-social emotions and behaviors.
人们越来越关注增强同理心、同情心和亲社会行为的方法。传统上，冥想练习被用于培养亲社会的结果，最近的研究试图评估其在这些结果方面的功效。我们对冥想促进亲社会情感和行为进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。在PubMed、MEDLINE、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Embase和Cochrane数据库（建库至2016年4月）中进行文献检索，检索词为：正念、冥想、身心疗法、太极拳、瑜伽、正念减压疗法（MBSR）、正念认知疗法（MBCT）、同理心、同情心、爱、利他主义、同情或善良。纳入任何人群的随机对照试验（26项研究，1714名受试者）。大多数研究在健康成年人中进行（=11），采用慈悲或慈爱冥想（=18），为期8 - 12周（=12），采用小组形式（=17）。大多数对照组为等待名单或无治疗组（=15）。结果测量包括自我报告的情绪（如综合评分、有效测量）和观察到的行为结果（如在现实世界和模拟环境中的帮助行为）。许多研究显示偏倚风险较低。结果表明，冥想对自我报告的结果（标准化均数差[SMD]=0.40，P<0.001）和可观察到的结果（SMD = 0.45，P<0.001）有小到中等程度的影响，并提示了心理社会和神经生理作用机制。亚组分析也支持冥想有小到中等程度的影响，即使与积极对照组相比也是如此。临床医生和冥想教师应意识到，冥想可以改善积极的亲社会情感和行为。
