Sorbonne University, University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018 Nov;75(21):3977-3990. doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2901-1. Epub 2018 Aug 12.
Evidence from the literature keeps highlighting the impact of mutualistic bacterial communities of the gut microbiota on human health. The gut microbita is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria which contributes to mammalian host biology by processing, otherwise, indigestible nutrients, supplying essential metabolites, and contributing to modulate its immune system. Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled structural analysis of the human gut microbiota and allowed detection of changes in gut bacterial composition in several common diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders. Biological signals sent by the gut microbiota to the host, including microbial metabolites and pro-inflammatory molecules, mediate microbiome-host genome cross-talk. This rapidly expanding line of research can identify disease-causing and disease-predictive microbial metabolite biomarkers, which can be translated into novel biodiagnostic tests, dietary supplements, and nutritional interventions for personalized therapeutic developments in common diseases. Here, we review results from the most significant studies dealing with the association of products from the gut microbial metabolism with cardiometabolic disorders. We underline the importance of these postbiotic biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of human disorders.
文献证据不断强调肠道微生物群的共生细菌群落对人类健康的影响。肠道微生物群是共生细菌的复杂生态系统，通过处理原本无法消化的营养物质、提供必需代谢物以及调节免疫系统，为哺乳动物宿主生物学做出贡献。测序技术的进步使人们能够对人类肠道微生物群进行结构分析，并能够检测到包括心血管代谢紊乱在内的几种常见疾病中肠道细菌组成的变化。肠道微生物群向宿主发送的生物学信号，包括微生物代谢物和促炎分子，介导微生物组-宿主基因组的相互作用。这一快速发展的研究领域可以识别出导致疾病和预测疾病的微生物代谢物生物标志物，这些标志物可以转化为新型的生物诊断测试、膳食补充剂和营养干预措施，用于常见疾病的个体化治疗发展。在这里，我们回顾了与肠道微生物代谢产物与心血管代谢紊乱相关的最有意义的研究结果。我们强调了这些后生元生物标志物在人类疾病诊断和治疗中的重要性。
