Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):333-343. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01223-3. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
To address how the microbiome might modify the interaction between diet and cardiometabolic health, we analyzed longitudinal microbiome data from 307 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, together with long-term dietary information and measurements of biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation from blood samples. Here, we demonstrate that a healthy Mediterranean-style dietary pattern is associated with specific functional and taxonomic components of the gut microbiome, and that its protective associations with cardiometabolic health vary depending on microbial composition. In particular, the protective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk was significantly stronger among participants with decreased abundance of Prevotella copri. Our findings advance the concept of precision nutrition and have the potential to inform more effective and precise dietary approaches for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease mediated through alterations in the gut microbiome.
为了研究微生物组如何改变饮食和心脏代谢健康之间的相互作用，我们分析了来自健康专业人员随访研究的 307 名男性参与者的纵向微生物组数据，这些参与者还提供了长期的饮食信息以及血液样本中葡萄糖稳态、脂质代谢和炎症生物标志物的测量结果。在这里，我们证明了健康的地中海饮食模式与肠道微生物组的特定功能和分类组成部分有关，并且其与心脏代谢健康的保护关联取决于微生物组成。具体而言，在普雷沃氏菌属丰度降低的参与者中，坚持地中海饮食与心脏代谢疾病风险之间的保护关联更为显著。我们的研究结果推进了精准营养的概念，并且有可能通过改变肠道微生物组来为预防心脏代谢疾病提供更有效和更精准的饮食方法。
