Pires Lara, González-Paramás Ana M, Heleno Sandrina A, Calhelha Ricardo C
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles en Alimentos, Implicaciones en la Calidad y en Salud Humana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Apr 25;13(5):392. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13050392.
Chronic diseases (CD) may result from a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle and social behaviours, healthcare system influences, community factors, and environmental determinants of health. These risk factors frequently coexist and interact with one another. Ongoing research and a focus on personalized interventions are pivotal strategies for preventing and managing chronic disease outcomes. A wealth of literature suggests the potential involvement of gut microbiota in influencing host metabolism, thereby impacting various risk factors associated with chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, the perturbation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, is crucial in the etiopathogenesis of multiple CD. Recent studies indicate that specific microorganism-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide and uremic toxins, contribute to subclinical inflammatory processes implicated in CD. Various factors, including diet, lifestyle, and medications, can alter the taxonomic species or abundance of gut microbiota. Researchers are currently dedicating efforts to understanding how the natural progression of microbiome development in humans affects health outcomes. Simultaneously, there is a focus on enhancing the understanding of microbiome-host molecular interactions. These endeavours ultimately aim to devise practical approaches for rehabilitating dysregulated human microbial ecosystems, intending to restore health and prevent diseases. This review investigates how the gut microbiome contributes to CD and explains ways to modulate it for managing or preventing chronic conditions.
慢性病（CD）可能由遗传因素、生活方式和社会行为、医疗保健系统影响、社区因素以及健康的环境决定因素共同导致。这些风险因素常常相互共存并相互作用。持续的研究以及对个性化干预措施的关注是预防和管理慢性病结果的关键策略。大量文献表明，肠道微生物群可能参与影响宿主代谢，从而影响与慢性病相关的各种风险因素。肠道微生物群组成和活性的紊乱即生态失调，在多种慢性病的发病机制中至关重要。最近的研究表明，特定的微生物衍生代谢产物，包括氧化三甲胺、脂多糖和尿毒症毒素，会导致与慢性病相关的亚临床炎症过程。包括饮食、生活方式和药物在内的各种因素会改变肠道微生物群的分类物种或丰度。研究人员目前致力于了解人类微生物组发育的自然进程如何影响健康结果。同时，人们也在关注增强对微生物组与宿主分子相互作用的理解。这些努力最终旨在设计出恢复失调的人类微生物生态系统的实用方法，以期恢复健康并预防疾病。本综述探讨了肠道微生物群如何导致慢性病，并解释了调节肠道微生物群以管理或预防慢性病的方法。
