Hennia Aicha, Miguel Maria Graça, Nemmiche Said
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, MeditBio, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
Medicines (Basel). 2018 Aug 11;5(3):89. doi: 10.3390/medicines5030089.
L. (myrtle) and Batt. & Trab. (Saharan myrtle) have been used in folk medicine for alleviating some ailments. is largely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin, whereas is confined in specific zones of the central Saharan mountains. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of berry and leaf extracts isolated from myrtle are deeply documented, whereas those isolated from Saharan myrtle extracts are less studied. In both species, the major groups of constituents include gallic acid derivatives, flavonols, flavonol derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acids. In coloured berries, anthocyanins are also present. In extracts are reported for some compounds not described in M. communis so far: 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole-β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole 2-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, rugosin A, and rugosin B. Berries and leaves extracts of both species had antioxidant activity. Comparative studies of the antioxidant activity between leaf and berry myrtle extracts revealed that leaf extracts are best antioxidants, which can be assigned to the galloyl derivatives, flavonols, and flavonols derivatives, although the ratio of these groups of compounds might also have an important role in the antioxidant activity. The anthocyanins present in myrtle berries seem to possess weak antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of sample extracts depended on various factors: harvesting time, storage, extraction solvent, extraction type, and plant part used, among other factors. Leaf extracts of myrtle revealed to possess anti-inflammatory activity in several models used. This property has been attributed either to the flavonoids and/or hydrolysable tannins, nevertheless nonprenylated acylphloroglucinols (e.g., myrtucommulone and semimyrtucommulone) have also revealed a remarkable role in that activity. The biological activities of myrtle extracts found so far may direct its use towards for stabilizing complex lipid systems, as prebiotic in food formulations, and as novel therapeutic for the management of inflammation.
乳香桃木（L. (myrtle)）和巴特尔乳香桃木（Batt. & Trab. (Saharan myrtle)）在民间医学中被用于缓解某些疾病。乳香桃木广泛分布于地中海盆地，而巴特尔乳香桃木则局限于撒哈拉中部山区的特定区域。从乳香桃木中分离出的浆果和叶片提取物的化学成分和抗氧化活性已有深入记载，而从撒哈拉乳香桃木提取物中分离出的成分研究较少。在这两个物种中，主要成分包括没食子酸衍生物、黄酮醇、黄酮醇衍生物和羟基苯甲酸。在有色浆果中，也存在花青素。在撒哈拉乳香桃木提取物中报道了一些迄今为止在普通乳香桃木中未描述的化合物：2-羟基-1,8-桉叶素-β-D-葡萄糖苷、2-羟基-1,8-桉叶素2-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、rugosin A和rugosin B。这两个物种的浆果和叶片提取物都具有抗氧化活性。对乳香桃木叶片和浆果提取物抗氧化活性的比较研究表明，叶片提取物是最佳抗氧化剂，这可归因于没食子酰衍生物、黄酮醇和黄酮醇衍生物，尽管这些化合物组的比例在抗氧化活性中也可能起重要作用。乳香桃木浆果中存在的花青素似乎具有较弱的抗氧化活性。样品提取物的抗氧化活性取决于多种因素：收获时间、储存、提取溶剂、提取类型和使用的植物部位等。乳香桃木叶片提取物在多种使用的模型中显示具有抗炎活性。这种特性归因于黄酮类化合物和/或可水解单宁，然而未异戊烯化的酰基间苯三酚（如桃金娘素和半桃金娘素）在该活性中也显示出显著作用。迄今为止发现的乳香桃木提取物的生物活性可能使其用于稳定复杂脂质系统、作为食品配方中的益生元以及作为炎症管理的新型治疗方法。
