Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Molecules. 2019 Mar 2;24(5):882. doi: 10.3390/molecules24050882.
The bioactive compounds in myrtle berries, such as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, have shown a potentially positive effect on human health. Efficient extraction methods are to be used to obtain maximum amounts of such beneficial compounds from myrtle. For that reason, this study evaluates the effectiveness of a rapid ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) to extract anthocyanins and phenolic compounds from myrtle berries. The influence of solvent composition, as well as pH, temperature, ultrasound amplitude, cycle and solvent-sample ratio on the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins content in the extracts obtained were evaluated. The response variables were optimized by means of a Box-Behnken design. It was found that the double interaction of the methanol composition and the cycle, the interaction between methanol composition and temperature, and the interaction between the cycle and solvent-sample ratio were the most influential variables on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (92.8% methanol in water, 0.2 s of cycle, 60 °C and 10:0.5 mL:g). The methanol composition and the interaction between methanol composition and pH were the most influential variables on the extraction of anthocyanins (74.1% methanol in water at pH 7). The methods that have been developed presented high repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD < 5%) and the bioactive compounds show a high recovery with short extraction times. Both methods were used to analyze the composition of the bioactive compounds in myrtle berries collected from different locations in the province of Cadiz (Spain). The results obtained by UAE were compared to those achieved in a previous study where microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods were employed. Similar extraction yields were obtained for phenolic compounds and anthocyanins by MAE and UAE under optimal conditions. However, UAE presents the advantage of using milder conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins from myrtle, which makes of this a more suitable method for the extraction of these degradable compounds.
桃金娘浆果中的生物活性化合物，如酚类化合物和花青素，已显示出对人类健康的潜在积极影响。为了从桃金娘中获得最大量的有益化合物，需要使用高效的提取方法。因此，本研究评估了快速超声辅助法（UAE）从桃金娘浆果中提取花青素和酚类化合物的有效性。评估了溶剂组成、pH 值、温度、超声幅度、循环和溶剂-样品比对提取物中总酚类化合物和花青素含量的影响。通过 Box-Behnken 设计对响应变量进行了优化。结果发现，甲醇组成和循环的双重相互作用、甲醇组成和温度的相互作用以及循环和溶剂-样品比的相互作用是对总酚类化合物提取（92.8%甲醇在水中、循环 0.2 秒、60°C 和 10:0.5 mL:g）影响最大的变量。甲醇组成和甲醇组成与 pH 值之间的相互作用是对花青素提取影响最大的变量（74.1%甲醇在 pH 值为 7 的水中）。所开发的方法具有高重复性和中等精密度（RSD<5%），并且生物活性化合物在短提取时间内具有高回收率。这两种方法都用于分析从西班牙加的斯省不同地区采集的桃金娘浆果中生物活性化合物的组成。将 UAE 得到的结果与之前使用微波辅助提取（MAE）方法的研究结果进行了比较。在最佳条件下，MAE 和 UAE 对酚类化合物和花青素的提取率相似。然而，UAE 具有从桃金娘中提取花青素时使用更温和条件的优势，这使得该方法更适合提取这些易降解的化合物。
