Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nat Mater. 2018 Sep;17(9):761-772. doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0147-9. Epub 2018 Aug 13.
The past decade has witnessed the accelerating development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade therapies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy against a variety of cancers. However, issues including life-threatening off-target side effects, long processing times, limited patient responses and high cost still limit the clinical utility of cancer immunotherapies. Biomaterial carriers of these therapies, though, enable one to troubleshoot the delivery issues, amplify immunomodulatory effects, integrate the synergistic effect of different molecules and, more importantly, home and manipulate immune cells in vivo. In this Review, we will analyse thus-far developed immunomaterials for targeted modulation of dendritic cells, T cells, tumour-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, B cells and natural killer cells, and summarize the promises and challenges of cell-targeted immunomodulation for cancer treatment.
过去十年见证了癌症治疗中免疫疗法的飞速发展。免疫检查点阻断疗法和嵌合抗原受体 (CAR)-T 细胞疗法已经显示出针对多种癌症的临床疗效。然而，包括危及生命的脱靶副作用、较长的处理时间、有限的患者反应和高成本在内的问题仍然限制了癌症免疫疗法的临床应用。这些疗法的生物材料载体使人们能够解决输送问题，放大免疫调节作用，整合不同分子的协同作用，更重要的是，在体内归巢和操纵免疫细胞。在这篇综述中，我们将分析迄今为止开发的用于靶向调节树突状细胞、T 细胞、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、髓系来源的抑制细胞、B 细胞和自然杀伤细胞的免疫材料，并总结细胞靶向免疫调节在癌症治疗中的前景和挑战。
