He Yi, Wang Jingzhu, Wang Mengzhen, Zhang Jingfang
National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
National Anti-Doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, Beijing, China.
J Mass Spectrom. 2018 Nov;53(11):1078-1085. doi: 10.1002/jms.4283.
Musk is the dried secretion of the musk pod (sac) of adult male musk deer, and has been used as perfume and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Steroid was regarded as 1 of the most important active compounds in musk. In order to protect the wild musk deer, musk deer farming has been carried out in China, India, and Nepal. However, it is hard to differentiate the 2 origins of musk by morphological identification. No other method has been reported so far for the discrimination of wild and domestic deer musk. The establishment of a reliable discrimination method has become an urgent work. In the present study, 6 batches of wild deer musk and 14 batches of domestic deer musk were collected. Analysis of steroid components in musk was carried out with GC-MS/MS. Androgen, progestin, estrogen, and sterol were detected in those samples. Large diversity was observed in the concentrations of steroids in musk. No obvious difference could be observed in steroid concentrations between wild and domestic deer musk by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the δ C values of steroids were determined by gas chromatography/combustion coupled with isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. There were significant differences (P < .01) in steroid δ C values between wild origin musk and domesticated origin musk. Isotopic ratio mass spectrometry can be used to discriminate wild and domestic deer musk.
麝香是成年雄性麝科动物香囊的干燥分泌物，数千年来一直被用作香料和传统药物。甾体类化合物被认为是麝香中最重要的活性成分之一。为保护野生麝，中国、印度和尼泊尔都开展了麝类养殖。然而，通过形态学鉴定很难区分麝香的两种来源。到目前为止，尚未见有其他鉴别野生和家养麝类麝香的方法报道。建立一种可靠的鉴别方法已成为一项紧迫的工作。在本研究中，收集了6批野生麝类麝香和14批家养麝类麝香。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法对麝香中的甾体类成分进行分析。在这些样品中检测到了雄激素、孕激素、雌激素和甾醇。麝香中甾体类化合物的浓度存在很大差异。通过主成分分析和聚类分析，野生和家养麝类麝香的甾体类化合物浓度没有明显差异。此外，采用气相色谱/燃烧-同位素比值质谱法测定了甾体类化合物的δC值[13C/12C]。野生来源麝香和家养来源麝香的甾体类化合物δC值存在显著差异（P<0.01）。同位素比值质谱法可用于鉴别野生和家养麝类麝香。
