Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019 Jan;127(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.07.011. Epub 2018 Jul 29.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant levels and biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva from khat-chewing patients compared with controls.
Saliva samples were collected from 51 chronic khat chewers and 46 age- and sex-matched controls. Concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers (malonyl-dialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and antioxidant defense (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase [CAT) were analyzed.
Salivary MDA level in the khat users group (45 ± 9.2 nmol/mL) was significantly increased in comparison with controls (13 ± 2.1 nmol/mL; P < .001), but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the levels of salivary protein carbonyl and oxidized guanine species. Salivary TAC was significantly reduced in khat users (0.25 ± 0.028 mmol/L) in comparison with controls (0.34 ± 0.037 mmol/L). Salivary CAT level was significantly reduced in khat users (6.0 ± 0.47 U/mL) in comparison with controls (7.7 ± 0.43 units/mL; P <.05), but no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups with regard to salivary superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase levels.
Chronic khat chewing is associated with increased levels of salivary MDA and reduced levels of TAC and CAT among a population of adult men in comparison with non-khat-chewing controls. These findings suggest that the pro-oxidative effect of khat chewing may be a contributing mechanism for various oral diseases associated with khat use, including cancer, periodontitis, and caries.
本研究旨在比较咀嚼恰特草患者和对照组唾液中的抗氧化水平和氧化应激生物标志物。
收集了 51 名慢性咀嚼恰特草患者和 46 名年龄和性别匹配的对照组的唾液样本。分析了氧化应激生物标志物（丙二醛 [MDA]、蛋白羰基和 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷）和抗氧化防御（总抗氧化能力 [TAC]、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶 [CAT]）的浓度。
与对照组（13±2.1 nmol/mL；P<.001）相比，恰特草使用者唾液 MDA 水平（45±9.2 nmol/mL）显著升高，但两组间唾液蛋白羰基和氧化鸟嘌呤水平无显著差异。与对照组（0.34±0.037 mmol/L）相比，恰特草使用者唾液 TAC 水平（0.25±0.028 mmol/L）显著降低。与对照组（7.7±0.43 单位/mL；P<.05）相比，恰特草使用者唾液 CAT 水平（6.0±0.47 U/mL）显著降低，但两组间唾液超氧化物歧化酶或谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平无显著差异。
与不咀嚼恰特草的对照组相比，咀嚼恰特草与唾液 MDA 水平升高和 TAC 及 CAT 水平降低有关。这些发现表明，恰特草的促氧化作用可能是与恰特草使用相关的各种口腔疾病（包括癌症、牙周炎和龋齿）的一个致病机制。
