Tormoehlen Laura M, Kumar Neeraj
Neurology and Emergency Medicine (LMT), Indiana University, Indianapolis; Neurology (NK), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Neurol Clin Pract. 2012 Dec;2(4):301-310. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0b013e318278be1e.
Neurotoxic disease can mimic many common neurologic disease states, including parkinsonism, myelopathy, neuropathy, and encephalopathy. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may result in a favorable outcome. This review highlights 5 areas of neurotoxicology for which there is an emerging understanding of disease processes or patterns of exposure, including 3 specific metal toxicities (manganism, zinc-induced copper deficiency, and cobalt-chromium neuropathy). Toxin-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is more widely recognized and reported in association with an ever-growing list of drugs. Two new categories of street drugs, synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids, have been identified as public health threats due to their popularity, availability, and severity of toxicity.
神经毒性疾病可模仿许多常见的神经疾病状态，包括帕金森综合征、脊髓病、神经病和脑病。准确的诊断和适当的治疗可能会带来良好的结果。本综述重点介绍了神经毒理学的5个领域，目前人们对这些领域的疾病过程或暴露模式有了新的认识，其中包括3种特定的金属毒性（锰中毒、锌诱导的铜缺乏和钴铬神经病变）。毒素诱导的后部可逆性脑病综合征与越来越多的药物相关，得到了更广泛的认识和报道。两类新型街头毒品，即合成卡西酮和大麻素，因其受欢迎程度、可得性和毒性严重程度，已被确定为公共卫生威胁。
