Neurotoxicology: Five new things.

Neurotoxic disease can mimic many common neurologic disease states, including parkinsonism, myelopathy, neuropathy, and encephalopathy. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may result in a favorable outcome. This review highlights 5 areas of neurotoxicology for which there is an emerging understanding of disease processes or patterns of exposure, including 3 specific metal toxicities (manganism, zinc-induced copper deficiency, and cobalt-chromium neuropathy). Toxin-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is more widely recognized and reported in association with an ever-growing list of drugs. Two new categories of street drugs, synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids, have been identified as public health threats due to their popularity, availability, and severity of toxicity.