Gobbens Robbert J
Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Zonnehuisgroep Amstelland, Amstelveen, The Netherlands.
PeerJ. 2018 Aug 9;6:e5425. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5425. eCollection 2018.
Quality of life is an important health outcome for older persons. It predicts the adverse outcomes of institutionalization and premature death. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the influence of both disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) on physical and mental dimensions of quality of life.
A total of 377 Dutch people aged 75 years and older completed a web-based questionnaire. This questionnaire contained the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) for measuring ADL and IADL and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) for measuring quality of life. The SF-12 distinguishes two dimensions of quality of life, a physical and mental dimension.
All ADL disability items combined and all IADL disability items combined explained a significant part of the variance of the physical and the mental dimension of quality of life. Only ADL item "stand up from sitting in a chair", and IADL items "do "heavy" household activities" and "do the shopping" were negatively associated with both quality of life dimensions after controlling for all the variables in the model.
This study showed that disability in ADL and IADL is negatively associated with quality of life in older people. Therefore, it is important for health care professionals to carry out interventions aimed to prevent and diminish disability or the adverse outcomes of disability such as a lower quality of life. In order to be effective these interventions should be inexpensive, feasible, and easy to implement.
生活质量是老年人一项重要的健康指标。它能预测机构养老的不良后果和过早死亡。这项横断面研究的目的是确定日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）方面的残疾对生活质量的身体和心理维度的影响。
共有377名75岁及以上的荷兰人完成了一份基于网络的问卷。该问卷包含用于测量ADL和IADL的格罗宁根活动受限量表（GARS）以及用于测量生活质量的简短健康调查问卷（SF - 12）。SF - 12区分了生活质量的两个维度，即身体维度和心理维度。
所有ADL残疾项目总和以及所有IADL残疾项目总和解释了生活质量身体维度和心理维度变异的很大一部分。在对模型中的所有变量进行控制后，仅ADL项目“从椅子上坐起站立”以及IADL项目“进行‘繁重’的家务活动”和“购物”与两个生活质量维度均呈负相关。
本研究表明，ADL和IADL方面的残疾与老年人的生活质量呈负相关。因此，医疗保健专业人员开展旨在预防和减少残疾或残疾不良后果（如生活质量降低）的干预措施非常重要。为了有效，这些干预措施应成本低廉、可行且易于实施。
