Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avgda V. Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2018 Aug 21;10(9):1132. doi: 10.3390/nu10091132.
Vitamin A (all--retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved.
维生素 A（全-视黄醇）是一种脂溶性微量营养素，它与其天然衍生物和合成类似物一起构成了类视黄醇组。它们参与了广泛的生理过程，如胚胎发育、视觉、免疫和细胞分化和增殖。视黄酸（RA）是维生素 A 的主要活性形式，多种基因通过转录和非转录机制对 RA 信号做出反应。维生素 A 缺乏症（VAD）是一个显著的公共卫生问题。在早期肺发育、肺泡形成、组织维持和再生中，需要足够的维生素 A 摄入。事实上，慢性 VAD 与肺上皮衬里的组织病理学变化有关，这些变化破坏了正常的肺生理功能，导致严重的组织功能障碍和呼吸疾病。此外，细胞连接蛋白的结构和组成也发生了重要的改变，肺泡基底膜增厚，I 型胶原异位沉积。在这篇综述中，我们展示了我们最近在 VAD 肺中细胞连接蛋白修饰方面的发现，总结了有关慢性 VAD 对肺生理和肺部疾病损害的最新信息，这些疾病是一个主要的全球健康问题，并概述了可能涉及的途径。
