Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Aug 21;10(9):1133. doi: 10.3390/nu10091133.
We explored the association between excess body fat and academic performance in high school students from Santiago, Chile. In 632 16-year-olds (51% males) from low-to-middle socioeconomic status (SES), height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Body-mass index (BMI) and BMI for age and sex were calculated. Weight status was evaluated with 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) references. Abdominal obesity was diagnosed with International Diabetes Federation (IDF) references. Total fat mass (TFM) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TFM values ≥25% in males and ≥35% in females were considered high adiposity. School grades were obtained from administrative records. Analysis of covariance examined the association of fatness measures with academic performance, accounting for the effect of diet and physical activity, and controlling SES background and educational confounders. We found that: (1) having obesity, abdominal obesity, or high adiposity was associated with lower school performance alone or in combination with unhealthy dietary habits or reduced time allocation for exercise; (2) high adiposity and abdominal obesity were more clearly related with lower school grades compared to obesity; (3) the association of increased fatness with lower school grades was more salient in males compared to females.
我们研究了智利圣地亚哥高中生的体脂肪过多与学业成绩之间的关系。在 632 名 16 岁（51%为男性）、来自中下社会经济地位（SES）的学生中，测量了身高、体重和腰围。计算了体重指数（BMI）和按年龄和性别计算的 BMI。用 2007 年世界卫生组织（WHO）的参考标准评估体重状况。用国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）的参考标准诊断腹部肥胖。用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量总脂肪量（TFM）。男性 TFM 值≥25%，女性 TFM 值≥35%被认为是高肥胖。从行政记录中获得了学校成绩。协方差分析考察了肥胖指标与学业成绩的关系，考虑了饮食和体力活动的影响，并控制了 SES 背景和教育混杂因素。结果发现：（1）肥胖、腹部肥胖或高肥胖与单独或与不健康的饮食习惯或减少运动时间有关的较低学业成绩有关；（2）与肥胖相比，高肥胖和腹部肥胖与较低的学业成绩更相关；（3）与较高的体脂肪率与较低的学业成绩相关的关系在男性中比女性更为明显。
