Ratajczak Weronika, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina, Tokarz-Deptuła Beata, Deptuła Wiesław
Scientific Circle of Microbiologists, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(2):194-203. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77390. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
This article reviews immunological memory cells, currently represented by T and B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which determine a rapid and effective response against a second encounter with the same antigen. Among T lymphocytes, functions of memory cells are provided by their subsets: central memory, effector memory, tissue-resident memory, regulatory memory and stem memory T cells. Memory T and B lymphocytes have an essential role in the immunity against microbial pathogens but are also involved in autoimmunity and maternal-fetal tolerance. Furthermore, the evidence of immunological memory has been established for NK cells. NK cells can respond to haptens or viruses, which results in generation of antigen-specific memory cells. T, B and NK cells, which have a role in immunological memory, have been characterized phenotypically and functionally. During the secondary immune response, these cells are involved in the reaction against foreign antigens, including pathogens, and take part in autoimmune diseases, but also are crucial to immunological tolerance and vaccine therapy.
本文综述了免疫记忆细胞，目前以T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞为代表，它们决定了机体在再次遇到相同抗原时能做出快速有效的反应。在T淋巴细胞中，记忆细胞的功能由其亚群提供：中枢记忆T细胞、效应记忆T细胞、组织驻留记忆T细胞、调节性记忆T细胞和干细胞记忆T细胞。记忆T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞在抵抗微生物病原体的免疫中起重要作用，但也参与自身免疫和母胎耐受。此外，NK细胞也有免疫记忆的证据。NK细胞可对半抗原或病毒作出反应，从而产生抗原特异性记忆细胞。在免疫记忆中起作用的T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞已在表型和功能上得到了表征。在二次免疫应答过程中，这些细胞参与针对包括病原体在内的外来抗原的反应，参与自身免疫性疾病，同时对免疫耐受和疫苗治疗也至关重要。
