Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Amino Acids. 2019 Jan;51(1):73-81. doi: 10.1007/s00726-018-2623-6. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Abnormalities of iron homeostasis have been linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Carnosine, an over-the-counter food supplement with chelating properties, has been shown to decrease serum iron and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic rodents. We have previously demonstrated that carnosine supplementation prevented worsening of glucose metabolism in healthy overweight and obese middle-aged adults. Yet, the impact of carnosine on markers of iron metabolism in humans has not been investigated. We aimed to determine whether carnosine supplementation has an effect on iron parameters in overweight and obese, otherwise healthy adults. We included 26 participants, who were randomly allocated to receive 1 g carnosine (n = 14) or identical placebo (n = 12) twice daily for 12 weeks. Iron parameters including iron, ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity and iron saturation were measured in serum or plasma by standard commercial assays. Carnosine supplementation decreased plasma soluble transferrin receptor compared to placebo (mean change difference ± standard error: - 0.07 ± 0.03 mg/l, p = 0.04). None of the other iron parameters were different between carnosine and placebo groups. At follow-up, soluble transferrin receptor was associated inversely with urinary carnosine concentrations and positively with serum carnosinase-1 activity (both p < 0.02). Our findings suggest that carnosine may modulate iron metabolism in high-risk groups which could ameliorate insulin resistance and prevent type 2 diabetes. Larger human clinical trials are required to confirm our results.
铁稳态异常与胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病有关。肌肽，一种具有螯合特性的非处方药膳食补充剂，已被证明可降低糖尿病啮齿动物的血清铁并改善葡萄糖代谢。我们之前的研究表明，肌肽补充剂可防止健康超重和肥胖的中年成年人的葡萄糖代谢恶化。然而，肌肽对人类铁代谢标志物的影响尚未得到研究。我们旨在确定肌肽补充剂是否对超重和肥胖但健康的成年人的铁参数有影响。我们纳入了 26 名参与者，他们被随机分配接受 1g 肌肽（n=14）或相同的安慰剂（n=12），每天两次，持续 12 周。通过标准商业检测，在血清或血浆中测量铁参数，包括铁、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、总铁结合能力和铁饱和度。与安慰剂相比，肌肽补充剂降低了血浆可溶性转铁蛋白受体（平均变化差异±标准误差：-0.07±0.03mg/l，p=0.04）。肌肽和安慰剂组之间的其他铁参数没有差异。在随访时，可溶性转铁蛋白受体与尿肌肽浓度呈负相关，与血清肌肽酶-1 活性呈正相关（均 p<0.02）。我们的研究结果表明，肌肽可能调节高风险人群的铁代谢，从而改善胰岛素抵抗并预防 2 型糖尿病。需要更大规模的人类临床试验来证实我们的结果。
