科学领域的诺贝尔奖提名：女性面临的限制
Nobel Nominations in Science: Constraints of the Fairer Sex.
作者信息
Modgil Shweta, Gill Rajesh, Lakshmi Sharma Vijay, Velassery Sebastian, Anand Akshay
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
出版信息
Ann Neurosci. 2018 Jul;25(2):63-78. doi: 10.1159/000481906. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
Abstract
Nobel Prize is the highest honor in the scientific community that is bestowed for the contribution of eminent scientists in various spheres of science. Since its inception in 1901, many renowned scientists have received this award. However, when compared to men, women's share as recipients is abysmally low. Although the contribution of female scientists has tremendously increased in the last few decades, yet the lack of proportionate increase in recognition is conspicuous by its disproportionate number of women recipients. This paper addresses this issue and underlines some of the reasons contributing to an underrepresentation of women scientists among Nobel Laureates.
摘要
诺贝尔奖是科学界的最高荣誉，授予在各个科学领域做出杰出贡献的科学家。自1901年设立以来，许多著名科学家都获得了这一奖项。然而，与男性相比，女性获奖者的比例极低。尽管在过去几十年中，女性科学家的贡献大幅增加，但由于女性获奖者数量不成比例，认可程度缺乏相应增长的情况十分明显。本文探讨了这一问题，并强调了导致女性科学家在诺贝尔奖得主中代表性不足的一些原因。
相似文献
1
Nobel Nominations in Science: Constraints of the Fairer Sex.科学领域的诺贝尔奖提名：女性面临的限制
Ann Neurosci. 2018 Jul;25(2):63-78. doi: 10.1159/000481906. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
2
Bibliometric comparison of Nobel Prize laureates in physiology or medicine and chemistry.诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主与化学奖得主的文献计量学比较。
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Sep;397(9):7169-7185. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03081-z. Epub 2024 Apr 23.
3
Why there should be more science Nobel prizes and laureates - And why proportionate credit should be awarded to institutions.为何应该设立更多诺贝尔科学奖奖项以及获奖者——以及为何应给予各机构相应的荣誉。
Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(3):471-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.11.003. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
4
Nobel Prize paradox: Nobel Prize, not a noble prize.诺贝尔奖悖论：诺贝尔奖，名不副实的奖项。
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2024 Apr;224(4):233-236. doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.03.001. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
5
Nominee and nominator, but never Nobel Laureate: Vincenz Czerny and the Nobel Prize.被提名者与提名者，但从未成为诺贝尔奖得主：温琴茨·切尔尼与诺贝尔奖
Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2016 Dec;401(8):1093-1096. doi: 10.1007/s00423-016-1511-3. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
6
The Colombian scientific elite-Science mapping and a comparison with Nobel Prize laureates using a composite citation indicator.哥伦比亚科学界精英——科学图谱绘制与使用综合引文指标与诺贝尔奖得主的比较
PLoS One. 2022 May 26;17(5):e0269116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269116. eCollection 2022.
7
The "Nobel Population" in Pharmacology: Nobel Prize laureates, nominees and nominators 1901-1953 with a focus on B. Naunyn and O. Schmiedeberg.药理学领域的“诺贝尔群体”：1901年至1953年的诺贝尔奖获得者、被提名者及提名者，重点关注B. 瑙尼恩和O. 施米德贝格。
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 Jul;393(7):1173-1185. doi: 10.1007/s00210-019-01807-y. Epub 2020 Jan 18.
8
Impact of major awards on the subsequent work of their recipients.重大奖项对获奖者后续工作的影响。
R Soc Open Sci. 2023 Aug 9;10(8):230549. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230549. eCollection 2023 Aug.
9
Why so few Nobel Prizes for cancer researchers? An analysis of Nobel Prize nominations for German physicians with a focus on Ernst von Leyden and Karl Heinrich Bauer.为什么癌症研究人员获得的诺贝尔奖如此之少？对获得诺贝尔奖提名的德国医生进行的分析，重点是恩斯特·冯·莱登和卡尔·海因里希·鲍尔。
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021 Sep;147(9):2547-2553. doi: 10.1007/s00432-021-03671-x. Epub 2021 May 29.
10
The Uncertain Role of Nominations for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.诺贝尔奖提名在化学奖中的不确定作用。
Chemistry. 2023 Jun 27;29(36):e202203985. doi: 10.1002/chem.202203985. Epub 2023 May 19.
引用本文的文献
1
The underestimated role of pioneering women in radiation oncology: lessons from the past for today's practice.放射肿瘤学领域中开拓性女性被低估的作用：过去的经验教训对当今实践的启示。
Strahlenther Onkol. 2025 Mar 7. doi: 10.1007/s00066-025-02386-z.
2
Diversity Drives Representation: An Internal Audit of Gender Representation in Citation Practices of a Single Surgical Laboratory.多样性推动代表性：对单个外科实验室引用实践中性别代表性的内部审计。
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024 Jun 14;12(6):e5823. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005823. eCollection 2024 Jun.
3
Little transparency and equity in scientific awards for early- and mid-career researchers in ecology and evolution.早期和中期生态与进化领域研究人员的科学奖项缺乏透明度和公平性。
Nat Ecol Evol. 2023 May;7(5):655-665. doi: 10.1038/s41559-023-02028-6. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
4
Multiple correspondence analysis as a tool for examining Nobel Prize data from 1901 to 2018.多对应分析作为一种工具，用于考察 1901 年至 2018 年诺贝尔奖项数据。
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 1;17(4):e0265929. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265929. eCollection 2022.
5
The red lipstick mentor.口红红导师。
Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Aug;36(8):2507-2509. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05096-7. Epub 2021 Jun 19.
6
A Policy Research Framework for Gender-Based Mapping of Research Scholars After Obtaining Fellowships.
Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jan;27(1):5-6. doi: 10.1177/0972753120934591. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
本文引用的文献
1
Inequality quantified: Mind the gender gap.不平等量化：关注性别差距。
Nature. 2013 Mar 7;495(7439):22-4. doi: 10.1038/495022a.
2
Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students.理科教员微妙的性别偏见偏爱男学生。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16474-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1211286109. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
3
The matilda effect in science: awards and prizes in the US, 1990s and 2000s.科学界的“玛蒂尔达效应”：20 世纪 90 年代至 21 世纪初美国的奖项和奖品。
Soc Stud Sci. 2012 Apr;42(2):307-20. doi: 10.1177/0306312711435830.
4
Women in science: In pursuit of female chemists.科学界的女性：追寻女化学家
Nature. 2011 Aug 17;476(7360):273-5. doi: 10.1038/476273a.
5
Career development for women scientists in Asia.亚洲女科学家的职业发展。
Neuron. 2011 Jun 23;70(6):1029-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.008.
6
One hundred years of American Women in biochemistry *.
Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Mar;34(2):75-7. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.49403402075.
7
Social Change and the Relationships between Education and Employment.社会变革与教育和就业之间的关系
Popul Res Policy Rev. 2009 Aug 1;28(4):533-549. doi: 10.1007/s11113-008-9117-2.
8
Improving adolescent and young adult health - training the next generation of physician scientists in transdisciplinary research.改善青少年和青年健康——跨学科研究培训下一代医师科学家。
J Adolesc Health. 2010 Feb;46(2):100-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.004.
9
The double helix and the 'wronged heroine'.双螺旋与“蒙冤的女主人公”。
Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):407-8. doi: 10.1038/nature01399.
10
Reaping the benefits of collaboration while avoiding pitfalls: Marie Curie's rise to scientific prominence.
Soc Stud Sci. 1993 May;23(2):301-23. doi: 10.1177/030631293023002003.
Zotero 插件