Platenkamp Amy, Mellies Jay L
Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Jul 27;9:1694. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01694. eCollection 2018.
Enteropathogenic (EPEC) is a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing regions of the world. Horizontally acquired genetic elements encode virulence structures, effectors, and regulators that promote bacterial colonization and disease. One such genetic element, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), encodes the type three secretion system (T3SS) which acts as a bridge between bacterial and host cells to pass effector molecules that exert changes on the host. Due to its importance in EPEC virulence, regulation of the LEE has been of high priority and its investigation has elucidated many virulence regulators, including master regulator of the LEE Ler, H-NS, other nucleoid-associated proteins, GrlA, and PerC. Media type, environmental signals, sRNA signaling, metabolic processes, and stress responses have profound, strain-specific effects on regulators and LEE expression, and thus T3SS formation. Here we review virulence gene regulation in EPEC, which includes approaches for lessening disease by exploiting the elucidated regulatory pathways.
肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）是世界上发展中地区婴儿发病和死亡的一个重要原因。水平获得的遗传元件编码促进细菌定植和疾病发生的毒力结构、效应蛋白和调节蛋白。其中一种这样的遗传元件，即肠细胞脱落位点（LEE），编码三型分泌系统（T3SS），该系统充当细菌和宿主细胞之间的桥梁，以传递对宿主产生影响的效应分子。由于其在EPEC毒力中的重要性，LEE的调控一直是高度优先事项，对其研究已阐明了许多毒力调节因子，包括LEE的主调节因子Ler、H-NS、其他类核相关蛋白、GrlA和PerC。培养基类型、环境信号、小RNA信号、代谢过程和应激反应对调节因子和LEE表达以及因此对T3SS形成具有深远的、菌株特异性的影响。在这里，我们综述了EPEC中毒力基因的调控，其中包括通过利用已阐明的调控途径来减轻疾病的方法。
