Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
Stanford University, CA, USA.
J Aging Health. 2019 Dec;31(10):1748-1769. doi: 10.1177/0898264318793469. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
Measures of disability depend on health and social roles in a given environment. Yet, social roles can change over time as they have by gender. We document how engagement in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) is shifting by gender and birth cohort among older adults, and the challenges these shifts can create for population-level estimates of disability. We used the Health and Retirement Study ( = 25,047) and multinomial logistic regression models with an interaction term between gender and birth cohort to predict limitation and nonperformance relative to no difficulty conducting IADLs. Nonperformance of IADLs have significantly decreased among younger cohorts. Women in younger cohorts were more likely to use a map, whereas men in younger cohorts were more likely to prepare meals and shop. Failing to account for gender and cohort changes in IADL, performance may lead to systematic bias in estimates of population-level disability.
残疾的衡量标准取决于特定环境中的健康和社会角色。然而，社会角色会随着时间的推移而发生变化，就像性别一样。我们记录了在老年人中，工具性日常生活活动（IADLs）的参与情况如何随着性别和出生队列的变化而变化，以及这些变化可能给残疾的人群水平估计带来的挑战。我们使用了健康与退休研究（=25047），并使用了包含性别和出生队列之间相互作用项的多项逻辑回归模型，来预测相对于进行 IADLs 没有困难而言，限制和无法执行的情况。在年轻一代中，IADLs 的无法执行情况显著减少。在年轻一代中，女性更有可能使用地图，而男性更有可能做饭和购物。如果不考虑 IADL 中的性别和队列变化，那么在执行方面的表现可能会导致对人群水平残疾的估计存在系统性偏差。
