Waring Sara, Alison Laurence, Carter Grace, Barrett-Pink Chloe, Humann Michael, Swan Lauren, Zilinsky Tomas
Critical and Major Incident Psychology Research Group Psychology Department University of Liverpool UK.
J Occup Organ Psychol. 2018 Sep;91(3):591-619. doi: 10.1111/joop.12217. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
Research demonstrates that information sharing is facilitated by familiarity, and having a common understanding of problems, use of lexicon, and semantic meaning. These factors can be difficult to develop within extreme environments such as disasters as members of the multi-agency system that responds often have limited experience of working together. Public inquiries repeatedly highlight the impact of information sharing difficulties on public safety, but limited academic research has focused on identifying concrete behaviours that facilitate interteam information sharing within such environments. This paper presents a case study of a national disaster response exercise involving 1,000 emergency responders. Data consist of structured observations, recordings of interteam meetings, and interviews with emergency responders. Results of mixed-method analysis indicate that interteam information sharing is delayed by limited situation awareness and poor articulation. Conversely, adopting behaviours that promote common frames for understanding interteam capabilities and information requirements improves information sharing and potentially reduces cognitive effort required to process information. Findings contribute to interteam communication theory by highlighting that in complex, time-constrained environments, having a shared understanding of responsibilities and information requirement is important for minimizing redundant deliberation and improving relevance and speed.
Facilitating the exchange and interpretation of relevant information is important for improving situation assessment, decision-making, and the implementation of appropriate actions for addressing risks.Interteam information sharing can be particularly challenging when teams are comprised of members from across different organizations with different language and cultures that must form to rapidly respond to problems in extreme environments.Adopting communication strategies that develop common frames-of-reference can facilitate information sharing and interteam responses to disasters.
研究表明，熟悉程度、对问题的共同理解、词汇使用和语义有助于信息共享。在灾难等极端环境中，这些因素可能难以形成，因为应对灾难的多机构系统成员通常缺乏共同工作的经验。公开调查反复强调信息共享困难对公共安全的影响，但有限的学术研究主要集中在确定有助于在此类环境中团队间信息共享的具体行为上。本文介绍了一项涉及1000名应急响应人员的国家灾难应对演习的案例研究。数据包括结构化观察、团队间会议记录以及对应急响应人员的访谈。混合方法分析结果表明，团队间信息共享因态势感知有限和表达不清而延迟。相反，采取有助于形成理解团队间能力和信息需求的共同框架的行为，可改善信息共享，并可能减少处理信息所需的认知努力。研究结果对团队间沟通理论有所贡献，强调在复杂、时间紧迫的环境中，对责任和信息需求有共同理解对于减少冗余审议、提高相关性和速度至关重要。
促进相关信息的交流和解释对于改善态势评估、决策以及采取适当行动应对风险非常重要。当团队由来自不同组织、具有不同语言和文化的成员组成，且必须在极端环境中迅速应对问题时，团队间信息共享可能尤其具有挑战性。采用有助于形成共同参照框架的沟通策略，可以促进信息共享以及团队间对灾难的应对。
