Velis Maya, Conti Kirstin I, Biermann Frank
1Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
Sustain Sci. 2017;12(6):1007-1017. doi: 10.1007/s11625-017-0490-9. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
This article argues that groundwater-accounting for 98% of all fresh water on earth-is central to human development. Drawing upon studies at the regional and sub-regional level, this review article explores synergies and trade-offs between groundwater development and human development. On one hand, groundwater exploitation may enhance human development. Groundwater's "untapped potential" related to various aspects of human development involves (a) water supply for irrigation and domestic purposes; (b) climate change adaptation and hydrological resilience; (c) hydrogeological storage of CO; and (d) access to (renewable) energy. On the other hand, human development may come at the expense of quality deterioration or depletion of groundwater. The review concludes that achieving a sound understanding of local groundwater characteristics and human impact on groundwater resources across scales is paramount to implementing the sustainable development goals in an integrated manner.
本文认为，占地球上所有淡水98%的地下水对人类发展至关重要。基于区域和次区域层面的研究，这篇综述文章探讨了地下水开发与人类发展之间的协同效应和权衡取舍。一方面，地下水开采可能促进人类发展。地下水在人类发展各个方面的“未开发潜力”包括：(a) 用于灌溉和家庭用途的供水；(b) 适应气候变化和水文弹性；(c) 二氧化碳的水文地质封存；以及(d) 获取（可再生）能源。另一方面，人类发展可能以地下水质量恶化或枯竭为代价。该综述得出结论，全面了解地方地下水特征以及不同尺度下人类对地下水资源的影响，对于以综合方式实现可持续发展目标至关重要。
