Gillman M A
Am J Med. 1986 Jul;81(1):97-102. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90189-0.
Pharmacologic evidence that nitrous oxide is addictive through direct interaction with the endogenous opioid system includes the possibility that it is a partial agonist and acts at the mu, kappa, and sigma opioid receptors. The medical and psychiatric complications of its abuse are discussed with special reference to the 32 cases of myeloneuropathy so far reported; other dangers are also mentioned. Notwithstanding the extremely low incidence of reported cases of nitrous oxide addiction compared with all other addictive substances, greater controls should be placed on its commercial availability to at least maintain its low level of abuse.
有药理学证据表明，一氧化二氮通过与内源性阿片系统直接相互作用而具有成瘾性，这包括它可能是一种部分激动剂，并作用于μ、κ和σ阿片受体。文中特别参考了迄今为止报告的32例脊髓神经病病例，讨论了一氧化二氮滥用的医学和精神科并发症；还提到了其他危险。尽管与所有其他成瘾物质相比，一氧化二氮成瘾报告病例的发生率极低，但仍应加强对其商业可得性的管控，至少要维持其低滥用水平。
