Gross Susan M, Biehl Erin, Marshall Beth, Paige David M, Mmari Kristin
Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019 Jan;51(1):41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
Examine how the physical cafeteria environment contributes to 6- to 8-year-olds' school food consumption.
Cross-sectional observational study. Before-and-after lunch tray photos taken with iPads to capture food selection and consumption.
10 New York City public elementary school cafeterias.
A total of 382 students aged 6-8 years who ate lunch in the cafeteria on observation days.
Fruit, vegetable, or whole-grain consumption.
Pearson's chi-square and multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between cafeteria environmental factors (time to eat lunch, noise, and crowding) and vegetable, fruit, and/or whole-grain consumption with 95% confidence, adjusted for school-level demographics and clustered by school.
Approximately 70% of students selected fruits, vegetables, and/or whole grains. When selected, consumption was 25%, 43%, and 57%, respectively. Longer time to eat lunch was associated with higher consumption of fruits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.8; P = .02) and whole grains (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.003-4.2; P < .05). Quieter cafeterias were associated with eating more vegetables (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.8-8.4; P < .001) and whole grains (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 2.6-4.7; P < .001). Less crowding was associated with eating more fruit (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.03-5.3; P = .04) and whole grains (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9-5.6; P < .001).
Healthy food consumption by 6- to 8-year-old students is associated with cafeteria crowding, noise, and time to eat lunch. Implementing and enforcing changes to the cafeteria environment mandated by wellness policies may reduce plate waste.
研究学校自助餐厅的物理环境如何影响6至8岁儿童在学校的食物摄入量。
横断面观察性研究。使用iPad在午餐前后拍摄餐盘照片，以记录食物的选择和摄入量。
纽约市10所公立小学的自助餐厅。
共有382名6至8岁的学生在观察日在自助餐厅吃午餐。
水果、蔬菜或全谷物的摄入量。
采用Pearson卡方检验和多因素逻辑回归分析，评估自助餐厅环境因素（午餐用餐时间、噪音和拥挤程度）与蔬菜、水果和/或全谷物摄入量之间的关联，并在95%置信区间内进行校正，校正因素包括学校层面的人口统计学特征，并按学校进行聚类分析。
约70%的学生选择了水果、蔬菜和/或全谷物。选择后，其摄入量分别为25%、43%和57%。午餐用餐时间较长与水果摄入量较高相关（优势比[OR]=2.0；95%置信区间[CI]，1.1 - 3.8；P = 0.02）以及全谷物摄入量较高相关（OR = 2.1；95% CI，1.003 - 4.2；P < 0.05）。较安静的自助餐厅与更多地食用蔬菜相关（OR = 3.9；95% CI，1.8 - 8.4；P < 0.001）以及更多地食用全谷物相关（OR = 2.7；95% CI，2.6 - 4.7；P < 0.001）。拥挤程度较低与更多地食用水果相关（OR = 2.3；95% CI，1.03 - 5.3；P = 0.04）以及更多地食用全谷物相关（OR = 3.3；95% CI，1.9 - 5.6；P < 0.001）。
6至8岁学生的健康食物摄入量与自助餐厅的拥挤程度、噪音和午餐用餐时间有关。实施并执行健康政策规定的自助餐厅环境改变措施可能会减少餐盘浪费。
