Barker Sally, Daniels Lydia, Chang Yoon-Seok, Chikovani Tinatin, DunnGalvin Audrey, Gerdts Jennifer D, Gerth Van Wijk Roy, Gibbs Trevor, Villarreal Gonzalez Rosalaura V, Guzman-Avilan Rosa I, Hanna Heather, Hossny Elham, Kolotilina Anastasia, Ortega Martell José Antonio, Pacharn Punchama, de Lira Quezada Cindy E, Sibanda Elopy, Stukus David, Tham Elizabeth Huiwen, Venter Carina, Gonzalez-Diaz Sandra N, Levin Michael E, Martin Bryan, Warner John O, Munblit Daniel
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
World Allergy Organ J. 2021 Nov 10;14(10):100589. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100589. eCollection 2021 Oct.
The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has placed a significant burden on global healthcare and society as whole. This has necessitated a rapid development of "allergy" as a specialist area. However, as allergy is so common and, for most, relatively easy to diagnose and control, all clinicians need to have basic knowledge and competence to manage mild disease and recognize when referral is required. The allergology specialty has not yet been recognized in many countries and even where allergy is fully recognized as a specialty, the approach to training in allergy differs significantly. In the light of recent developments in allergy diagnosis and management, there is an urgent need to harmonize core competences for physicians, as well as the standardization of core principles for medical education and post-graduate training in allergy. All physicians and allied health professionals must appreciate the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to allergy, which is key to achieving the highest standards in holistic care. Due to worldwide variation in resources and personnel, some MDT roles will need to be absorbed by the treating physician or other healthcare professionals. We draw particular attention to the role of psychological input for all allergy patients, dietetic input in the case of food allergy and patient education to support all patients in the supported self-management of their condition on a daily basis. A strong appreciation of these multidisciplinary aspects will help physicians provide quality patient-centered care. We consider that harmonization of allergy components within undergraduate curricula is crucial to ensure all physicians develop the appropriate allergy-related knowledge and skills, particularly in light of inconsistencies seen in the primary care management of allergy. This review from the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Education and Training Committee also outlines allergy-related competences required of physicians working with allergic patients and provides recommendations to promote harmonization of allergy training and practice worldwide.
过敏性疾病患病率的不断上升给全球医疗保健乃至整个社会带来了沉重负担。这使得 “过敏症学” 作为一个专业领域迅速发展。然而，由于过敏症非常常见，而且对大多数人来说相对容易诊断和控制，所有临床医生都需要具备基本知识和能力来管理轻症病例，并识别何时需要转诊。在许多国家，过敏症专业尚未得到认可，即使在过敏症被完全认可为一个专业的地方，过敏症培训方法也存在显著差异。鉴于过敏症诊断和管理方面的最新进展，迫切需要统一医生的核心能力，以及过敏症医学教育和研究生培训的核心原则标准化。所有医生和相关卫生专业人员都必须认识到过敏症的多学科团队（MDT）方法，这是实现整体护理最高标准的关键。由于全球资源和人员的差异，一些MDT角色将需要由主治医生或其他医疗保健专业人员承担。我们特别强调心理干预对所有过敏症患者的作用、食物过敏情况下的饮食干预以及患者教育，以支持所有患者日常自我管理病情。深刻理解这些多学科方面将有助于医生提供以患者为中心的优质护理。我们认为，本科课程中统一过敏症相关内容对于确保所有医生掌握适当的过敏症相关知识和技能至关重要，特别是考虑到过敏症初级护理管理中存在的不一致情况。世界过敏组织（WAO）教育与培训委员会的这篇综述还概述了与过敏症患者打交道的医生所需的过敏症相关能力，并提出了促进全球过敏症培训和实践统一的建议。
