Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, PR China.
Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2018 Aug 1;13(15):1939-1962. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0076. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Silicon-based materials and their oxides are widely used in drug delivery, dietary supplements, implants and dental fillers. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) interact with immunocompetent cells and induce immunotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of SiNPs on the immune system have been inadequately reviewed. The toxicity of SiNPs to the immune system depends on their physicochemical properties and the cell type. Assessments of immunotoxicity include determining cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This review focuses on the immunotoxicity of SiNPs and investigates the underlying mechanisms. The main mechanisms were proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress and autophagy. Considering the toxicity of SiNPs, surface and shape modifications may mitigate the toxic effects of SiNPs, providing a new way to produce these nanomaterials with less toxic impaction.
基于硅的材料及其氧化物被广泛应用于药物输送、膳食补充剂、植入物和牙科填充物。二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs）与免疫活性细胞相互作用并诱导免疫毒性。然而，SiNPs 对免疫系统的毒性作用尚未得到充分的研究。SiNPs 对免疫系统的毒性取决于其物理化学性质和细胞类型。免疫毒性的评估包括确定细胞功能障碍、细胞毒性和遗传毒性。本综述重点介绍了 SiNPs 的免疫毒性，并研究了其潜在机制。主要机制为炎症反应、氧化应激和自噬。考虑到 SiNPs 的毒性，表面和形状修饰可能会减轻 SiNPs 的毒性作用，为生产这些纳米材料提供了一种毒性影响更小的新方法。
