Program of Landscape and Recreation, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
Int J Biometeorol. 2018 Nov;62(11):1987-1994. doi: 10.1007/s00484-018-1603-6. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
An efficient urban environmental design considers appropriate thermal comfort condition, shaded space, and activity intensity. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and visible sky, i.e., the sky view factor (SVF), are usually used as indicators to determine the outdoor thermal comfort and amount of shaded space, respectively. The activity intensity in urban parks, which is dependent on culture and micrometeorological conditions, was represented inappropriately by attendance density in Taiwan. To optimize the park design and improve the park utilization rate in Taiwan, several environmental factors such as sound pressure levels and numbers of park visitors were measured, and PET values and SVF values were calculated from primary micrometeorological data such as wind speed and globe temperature. This study proposed equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) as a novel indicator to represent park activity intensity and investigated the correlation between Leq and SVF at different PET values. Leq was more appropriate than was attendance density in representing the park activity intensity in Taiwan. In addition, Leq was highly negatively correlated with SVF when visitors felt that the outdoor thermal comfort condition was hot or very hot. In other words, a lower degree of shading in the park resulted in lower activity intensity. Park visitors tended to engage in activities in the shaded regions because of more favorable thermal comfort conditions (i.e., neutral PET). The established quantitative relationships among Leq, PET, and SVF can serve as a reference for park planning.
高效的城市环境设计需要考虑适宜的热舒适条件、遮荫空间和活动强度。生理等效温度（PET）和可见天空，即天空视域系数（SVF），通常分别用作确定室外热舒适度和遮荫空间量的指标。然而，在台湾，由于文化和微气象条件的影响，公园内的活动强度不能简单地用人数密度来表示。为了优化公园设计并提高台湾公园的利用率，本研究测量了环境因素，如声压级和公园游客人数，并从风速和总辐射温度等主要微气象数据中计算了 PET 值和 SVF 值。本研究提出等效连续声压级（Leq）作为一种新的指标来表示公园的活动强度，并探讨了不同 PET 值下 Leq 与 SVF 的相关性。结果表明，Leq 比人数密度更适合代表台湾公园的活动强度。此外，当游客感到热或非常热时，Leq 与 SVF 呈高度负相关。换句话说，公园内遮荫程度越低，活动强度越低。由于热舒适度条件较好（即中性 PET），公园游客往往会在遮荫区域进行活动。Leq、PET 和 SVF 之间的定量关系可以为公园规划提供参考。
