1 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Vienna, Austria.
J Interpers Violence. 2017 Jun;32(12):1874-1894. doi: 10.1177/0886260517698952.
Experiences of violence in childhood can affect women's later exposure to violence and their risk of victimization. Comparable data on the extent of abuse in childhood are still rare. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) conducted in 2012 the first comparative European Union (EU)-wide survey on violence against women. This article looks at the extent and effects of childhood experiences of violence reported by women in the FRA violence against women survey in all 28 EU Member States. The article does not examine abuse and violence by children toward other children, as the FRA's survey-which forms the basis of the analysis in this article-interviewed respondents aged 18 years and above. Women who indicated having experienced violence by an adult perpetrator before the age of 15 years appear to be at greater risk of experiencing physical and sexual abuse in later life. Factors such as the severity and frequency of violence in childhood and the type of perpetrator of childhood abuse have an impact on later victimization of women. The article examines the relation between childhood experiences of violence and later exposure to partner and nonpartner violence, by severity, frequency, and type of perpetrator. The results confirm that already a single incidence of violence in childhood increases the likelihood of revictimization at a later stage in life. The findings also show that sexual and emotional abuse in childhood has particularly strong effects on women's lifelong experience of violence with respect to both intimate partner and nonpartner violence. The findings are assessed in the light of how to prevent cycles of abuse.
童年期的暴力经历可能会影响女性日后遭受暴力的程度及其受害风险。关于童年期虐待程度的可比数据仍然很少。欧盟基本权利机构（FRA）于 2012 年首次在整个欧盟范围内开展了针对暴力侵害妇女行为的调查。本文探讨了 FRA 暴力侵害妇女行为调查中所有 28 个欧盟成员国报告的女性童年期暴力经历的程度和影响。本文没有研究儿童对其他儿童的虐待和暴力行为，因为 FRA 的调查——本文分析的基础——调查了年龄在 18 岁及以上的受访者。在 15 岁之前遭受过成年施害者暴力的女性，在以后的生活中似乎更有可能遭受身体和性虐待。童年期暴力的严重程度、频率和施害者类型等因素对女性以后的受害情况有影响。本文根据严重程度、频率和施害者类型，研究了童年期暴力经历与后来遭受伴侣和非伴侣暴力之间的关系。研究结果证实，即使是单一的童年期暴力事件也会增加以后生活中再次受害的可能性。研究结果还表明，童年期的性虐待和情感虐待对女性一生中遭受亲密伴侣和非伴侣暴力的经历具有特别强烈的影响。本文还根据如何预防虐待周期的情况对调查结果进行了评估。
