Filmer Tobias, Herbig Britta
Mr. Filmer: Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich. Dr. Herbig: Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich.
J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2018 Summer;38(3):213-221. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000212.
Because of the increasing diversity in society, health professionals are working with patients from many different cultural backgrounds. Interventions to improve culture-specific competencies in health care have been shown to be successful. However, there is an increasing demand for continuing professional development in general cross-cultural competencies that do not focus on specific cultures. Previous reviews do not differentiate between general cross-cultural and culturally specific competencies. This review assesses the effectiveness of interventions that aim to increase cross-cultural competencies in health professionals.
Databases were searched systematically to identify quantitative and qualitative studies that focus on cross-cultural competencies in health care professions. Two independent raters used an assessment tool (Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs, QATSDD) to rate the quality of the results.
Thirty-one of 34 identified studies described cross-cultural competency interventions to be effective in terms of participants' satisfaction with the interventions and self-rated knowledge improvement. Nineteen studies relied exclusively on subjective assessment methods. Most of them reported significant findings, whereas results from five studies with independent ratings or objective assessments were mostly not significant. Many studies lacked in providing sufficient data on intervention descriptions.
Cross-cultural competency interventions seem to be effective-according to self-ratings by participants. However, the definitions of cultural competency, the objectiveness of measurements, and the types of study outcomes were varied. To evaluate the success of cross-cultural competency interventions, more evidence from objective, behavioral assessments is needed. Studies should investigate the differential impact of various intervention types and need to provide detailed reporting on methods and outcomes.
由于社会的多样性日益增加，卫生专业人员正与来自许多不同文化背景的患者合作。已证明提高医疗保健中特定文化能力的干预措施是成功的。然而，对不专注于特定文化的一般跨文化能力的持续专业发展的需求也在增加。以往的综述没有区分一般跨文化能力和特定文化能力。本综述评估旨在提高卫生专业人员跨文化能力的干预措施的有效性。
系统检索数据库，以识别关注医疗保健专业跨文化能力的定量和定性研究。两名独立评分者使用一种评估工具（多设计研究质量评估工具，QATSDD）对结果质量进行评分。
在34项已识别的研究中，有31项描述了跨文化能力干预措施在参与者对干预措施的满意度和自我评定的知识提升方面是有效的。19项研究仅依赖主观评估方法。其中大多数报告了显著结果，而五项采用独立评分或客观评估的研究结果大多不显著。许多研究在提供有关干预措施描述的充分数据方面存在不足。
根据参与者的自我评定，跨文化能力干预措施似乎是有效的。然而，文化能力的定义、测量的客观性和研究结果的类型各不相同。为了评估跨文化能力干预措施的成功与否，需要更多来自客观行为评估的证据。研究应调查各种干预类型的不同影响，并需要提供关于方法和结果的详细报告。
