Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nature. 2018 Aug;560(7720):573-581. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0446-y. Epub 2018 Aug 29.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has emerged as a global health threat because of its potential to generate explosive epidemics and ability to cause congenital disease in the context of infection during pregnancy. Whereas much is known about the biology of related flaviviruses, the unique features of ZIKV pathogenesis, including infection of the fetus, persistence in immune-privileged sites and sexual transmission, have presented new challenges. The rapid development of cell culture and animal models has facilitated a new appreciation of ZIKV biology. This knowledge has created opportunities for the development of countermeasures, including multiple ZIKV vaccine candidates, which are advancing through clinical trials. Here we describe the recent advances that have led to a new understanding of the causes and consequences of the ZIKV epidemic.
Zika 病毒（ZIKV）是一种通过蚊子传播的黄病毒，由于其在怀孕期间感染时具有引发爆发性流行和导致先天疾病的潜力，已成为全球健康威胁。尽管人们对相关黄病毒的生物学特性有了很多了解，但 ZIKV 发病机制的独特特征，包括感染胎儿、在免疫特权部位持续存在和性传播，带来了新的挑战。细胞培养和动物模型的快速发展促进了对 ZIKV 生物学的新认识。这些知识为对策的开发创造了机会，包括多种 ZIKV 疫苗候选物，这些候选物正在临床试验中推进。在这里，我们描述了最近的进展，这些进展导致了对 ZIKV 流行的原因和后果的新认识。
