Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2018 Aug 29;29(9):145. doi: 10.1007/s10856-018-6153-2.
Fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds with robust blood compatibility remains an unmet challenge for cardiovascular applications since anti-thrombogenic surface coatings did not withstand physiological shear force. Hence, the present study envisages the influence of smooth and porous topographies of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers on hemocompatibility as it could offer time-independent blood compatibility. Further, recent studies have evolved to integrate various contrasting agents for augmenting the prognostic properties of tissue engineered scaffolds; an attempt was also made to synthesize Curcumin-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle complex (Cur-SPION) as a contrasting agent and impregnated into PLA nanofibers for evaluating the blood compatibility. Herein, electrospun nanofibers of PLA with different topographies (smooth and porous) were fabricated and characterized for surface morphology, zeta potential, fluorescence, and crystallinity. The scaffolds with smooth, porous and rough surface topographies were thoroughly investigated for its hemocompatibility by evaluating hemolysis percentage, platelet adhesion, in vitro kinetic clotting time, serum protein adsorption, plasma recalcification time (PRT), capture and release of erythrocytes. Although the nanofibers of all three groups showed acceptable hemolytic percentage (HP < 5%), the adhered RBCs on Cur-SPION based fibers undergo morphological transformation from biconcave discocytes to echinocytes with cube-like protrusions. On the contrary, no morphological changes were observed in RBCs cultured on smooth and porous nanofibers. Porous fibers exhibited excellent anti-thrombogenic property and adhered lesser platelets and maintained the discoidal morphology of native platelets. Cur-SPION integrated PLA nanofibers showed inactivated platelets with anti-thrombogenic activity compared to smooth nanofibers. In conclusion, PLA nanofibers porous topography did not affect the RBC membrane integrity and maintained discoidal morphology of platelets with superior anti-thrombogenic activity. However, smooth and Cur-SPION integrated PLA nanofibers were found to activate the platelets and deform the RBC membrane integrity, respectively. Hence, the nanofibers with porous structures provide an ideal topography for time-independent hemocompatibility.
制造具有强大血液相容性的纳米纤维支架仍然是心血管应用中的一个未满足的挑战，因为抗血栓表面涂层无法承受生理剪切力。因此，本研究设想了聚乳酸（PLA）纳米纤维光滑和多孔形貌对血液相容性的影响，因为它可以提供与时间无关的血液相容性。此外，最近的研究已经发展到整合各种对比剂来增强组织工程支架的预后特性；还尝试合成姜黄素-超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒复合物（Cur-SPION）作为对比剂并浸渍到 PLA 纳米纤维中以评估血液相容性。在此，制备了具有不同形貌（光滑和多孔）的 PLA 电纺纳米纤维，并对其表面形貌、ζ电位、荧光和结晶度进行了表征。通过评估溶血百分比、血小板黏附、体外动力学凝血时间、血清蛋白吸附、血浆再钙化时间（PRT）、红细胞捕获和释放，彻底研究了具有光滑、多孔和粗糙表面形貌的支架的血液相容性。虽然所有三组纳米纤维的溶血百分比（HP<5%）都在可接受范围内，但基于 Cur-SPION 的纤维上黏附的 RBC 经历了从双凹盘形到刺状的形态转变。相比之下，在光滑和多孔纳米纤维上培养的 RBC 未观察到形态变化。多孔纤维表现出优异的抗血栓性能，黏附的血小板较少，并保持天然血小板的盘状形态。与光滑纳米纤维相比，整合了 Cur-SPION 的 PLA 纳米纤维表现出失活的血小板和抗血栓活性。总之，PLA 纳米纤维的多孔形貌不会影响 RBC 膜的完整性，并保持血小板的盘状形态和优异的抗血栓活性。然而，光滑和整合了 Cur-SPION 的 PLA 纳米纤维被发现分别激活血小板和破坏 RBC 膜的完整性。因此，具有多孔结构的纳米纤维为与时间无关的血液相容性提供了理想的形貌。
