Department of Psychiatry and Psychology,Maastricht University Medical Centre,Maastricht,The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology,Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction,Utrecht,The Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2019 Aug;49(11):1799-1809. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002209. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
The jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias and decreased working memory performance (WMP) are associated with psychosis, but associations with affective disturbances (i.e. depression, anxiety, mania) remain inconclusive. Recent findings also suggest a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and psychotic experiences (PEs). This study investigated whether JTC bias and decreased WMP are associated with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.
Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). Trained interviewers administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at three time points in a general population sample (N = 4618). The beads and digit-span task were completed to assess JTC bias and WMP, respectively. CIDI was used to measure affective disturbances and an add-on instrument to measure PEs.
Compared to individuals with neither affective disturbances nor PEs, the JTC bias was more likely to occur in individuals with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs [moderate psychosis (1-2 PEs): adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.17, 95% CI 0.98-1.41; and high psychosis (3 or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour): adjusted RRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19-2.08], but not with affective disturbances and PEs alone, whereas decreased WMP was more likely in all groups. There was some evidence of a dose-response relationship, as JTC bias and decreased WMP were more likely in individuals with affective disturbances as the level of PEs increased or help-seeking behaviour was reported.
The findings suggest that JTC bias and decreased WMP may contribute to a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.
跳跃式结论推理偏差和工作记忆表现下降与精神病有关，但与情感障碍（即抑郁、焦虑、躁狂）的关联仍不确定。最近的研究结果还表明，同时存在情感障碍和精神病体验（PEs）具有跨诊断表型。本研究旨在调查跳跃式结论推理偏差和工作记忆表现下降是否与同时存在的情感障碍和 PEs 有关。
数据来自荷兰第二次心理健康调查和发病率研究（NEMESIS-2）。在一般人群样本（N=4618）中，经过培训的访谈员在三个时间点使用复合国际诊断访谈（CIDI）进行评估。分别使用珠子和数字跨度任务评估跳跃式结论推理偏差和工作记忆表现。CIDI 用于测量情感障碍，附加仪器用于测量 PEs。
与既无情感障碍也无 PEs 的个体相比，同时存在情感障碍和 PEs 的个体更有可能出现跳跃式结论推理偏差[中度精神病（1-2 个 PEs）：调整后的相对风险比（RRR）为 1.17，95%CI 为 0.98-1.41；高度精神病（3 个或更多 PEs 或与精神病相关的寻求帮助行为）：调整后的 RRR 为 1.57，95%CI 为 1.19-2.08]，但与仅存在情感障碍或 PEs 的个体无关，而工作记忆表现下降则在所有组中更常见。有一些证据表明存在剂量反应关系，因为随着 PEs 水平的升高或出现寻求帮助的行为，出现跳跃式结论推理偏差和工作记忆表现下降的可能性更大。
研究结果表明，跳跃式结论推理偏差和工作记忆表现下降可能导致同时存在的情感障碍和 PEs 的跨诊断表型。
