Herawati Okti, Bejo Siti Khairani, Zakaria Zunita, Ramanoon Siti Zubaidah
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2023 May;16(5):977-986. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.977-986. Epub 2023 May 11.
Antibiotic resistance has become an issue of global importance due to increasing levels of bacterial infections worldwide. Farm management and usage of antibiotics in livestock are known risk factors associated with the increase in global levels of antibiotic resistance. Goats and sheep are examples of livestock with large populations. Although antibiotic resistance in bacteria from livestock negatively affects both human health and the economy, the global data regarding this issue in goats and sheep are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide information on the antibiotic-resistance profile of bacteria isolated from goats and sheep worldwide (Asia, Europe, and Africa).
We performed a systematic review of articles published on this topic without any restriction on the year of publication. We searched the Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using Boolean logic through various keywords. The search generated a total of 1325 articles, and after screening for duplicates and implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, qualitative synthesis (i.e., qualitative systematic review) was performed on 37 articles.
The synthesized information indicated that 18 Gram-positive and 13 Gram-negative bacterial species from goats and sheep were resistant to ten antibiotics, namely penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and sulfamethoxazole. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance ranged from 0.4% to 100%. However, up to 100% of some bacteria, namely, Dublin, , and , were susceptible to CIP. and were highly resistant to all antibiotics tested. Moreover, eight of the ten antibiotics tested were critically important antibiotics for humans.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in goats and sheep are a potential risk to animal and human health. Collaboration between all stakeholders and further research is needed to prevent the negative impacts of antibiotic resistance.
由于全球范围内细菌感染水平不断上升，抗生素耐药性已成为一个具有全球重要性的问题。养殖场管理及家畜抗生素使用是与全球抗生素耐药性水平上升相关的已知风险因素。山羊和绵羊是大量养殖的家畜种类。尽管家畜体内细菌的抗生素耐药性对人类健康和经济均产生负面影响，但关于山羊和绵羊这一问题的全球数据有限。因此，本研究旨在提供有关从全球（亚洲、欧洲和非洲）山羊和绵羊中分离出的细菌的抗生素耐药性概况的信息。
我们对发表的关于该主题的文章进行了系统综述，对发表年份没有任何限制。我们通过布尔逻辑使用各种关键词在开放获取期刊目录、PubMed、谷歌学术和Scopus中进行搜索。搜索共产生1325篇文章，在筛选重复文章并实施纳入和排除标准后，对37篇文章进行了定性综合分析（即定性系统综述）。
综合信息表明，从山羊和绵羊中分离出的18种革兰氏阳性菌和13种革兰氏阴性菌对10种抗生素具有耐药性，这10种抗生素分别是青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、氯霉素、链霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩、庆大霉素、环丙沙星（CIP）和磺胺甲恶唑。抗生素耐药性的发生率在0.4%至100%之间。然而，高达100%的某些细菌，即都柏林菌、[此处原文缺失两种细菌名称]，对CIP敏感。[此处原文缺失两种细菌名称]对所有测试抗生素均具有高度耐药性。此外，所测试的10种抗生素中有8种对人类至关重要。
山羊和绵羊中的抗生素耐药菌对动物和人类健康构成潜在风险。需要所有利益相关者之间的合作以及进一步的研究来预防抗生素耐药性的负面影响。
