École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetagroSup, Marcy l'Étoile, France; Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité EAS, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; EPIA, UMR 0346, Epidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques, INRA, VetagroSup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France.
ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Epidémiologie et Bien-être du porc, Université Bretagne Loire, Technopôle Saint-Brieuc Armor, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
Vet Microbiol. 2018 Sep;223:72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.025. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
Categorized by WHO as critically important antibiotics, third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are one of the latest therapeutic alternatives to fight severe infectious diseases in humans. Some antibiotics belonging to this class are prescribed to treat food-producing animals in specific pathological contexts. Preserving the effectiveness of 3GCs requires characterization and careful monitoring of 3GCs resistance and the identification and implementation of measures that can limit this antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we characterized the 3GCs resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals. Using data collected from broilers, hens, calves, piglets, sows, turkeys and ducks between 2006 and 2016 by the French surveillance network of AMR in pathogenic bacteria of animal origin (called RESAPATH), we investigated the dynamics of resistance to 3GCs. Our non-linear analysis applied to time series showed that the evolution of E. coli resistance to 3GCs is specific to each animal category. From 2006 to 2010, resistance to 3GCs increased for most animal categories. We observed peaks of high-level of resistance for hens (21.5% in 2010) and broilers (26.7% in 2011), whereas trends stayed below 10% for the other animal categories throughout the study period. Resistance later decreased and, since 2014, 3GCs resistance has dropped below 10% for all animal categories. The parallel between trends and measures to limit AMR over the period shed lights on the impact of practices changes, public policies (EcoAntibio Plan) and sector-led initiatives (moratorium in swine sector). Finally, they highlight the usefulness and importance of AMR surveillance networks in animal health, such as RESAPATH.
根据世界卫生组织的分类，第三代头孢菌素（3GCs）被列为至关重要的抗生素之一，是治疗人类严重感染性疾病的最新治疗选择之一。该类别中的一些抗生素被开给特定病理情况下的食用动物。为了保持 3GCs 的有效性，需要对 3GCs 耐药性进行特征描述和仔细监测，并确定和实施可以限制这种抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的措施。在这里，我们对从患病动物中分离出的大肠杆菌中的 3GCs 耐药性进行了特征描述。我们利用法国动物源致病菌抗菌药物耐药性监测网络（称为 RESAPATH）在 2006 年至 2016 年间收集的来自肉鸡、母鸡、小牛、仔猪、母猪、火鸡和鸭子的数据，研究了对 3GCs 的耐药性动态。我们对时间序列进行的非线性分析表明，大肠杆菌对 3GCs 的耐药性演变因动物类别而异。从 2006 年到 2010 年，大多数动物类别的 3GCs 耐药性增加。我们观察到母鸡（2010 年为 21.5%）和肉鸡（2011 年为 26.7%）高水平耐药的高峰，而在整个研究期间，其他动物类别的趋势都低于 10%。耐药性后来下降，自 2014 年以来，所有动物类别的 3GCs 耐药性都下降到 10%以下。这一时期内的趋势与限制 AMR 的措施之间存在平行关系，这说明了实践变化、公共政策（EcoAntibio Plan）和部门主导的倡议（猪部门暂停使用）的影响。最后，它们强调了动物健康抗菌药物耐药性监测网络（如 RESAPATH）的有用性和重要性。
