Boireau C, Morignat É, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Jouy É, Haenni M, Madec J-Y, Leblond A, Gay É
École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, ENSV, VetAgroSup, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Épidémiologie, Université de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2018 Feb;65(1):e86-e94. doi: 10.1111/zph.12412. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria isolated from food-producing animals is a growing concern with implications for public health. AMR surveillance is essential to identify resistance trends and help in the design of effective and efficient control strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from three livestock productions in France (cattle, swine and poultry). The trend in resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in animal health was analysed as follows: amoxicillin (penicillin), spectinomycin or streptomycin (aminoglycoside), tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/Enrofloxacin and ceftiofur were also taken into account as members of critically important antimicrobial families in human and veterinary medicine, that is fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, respectively. Data collected between 2002 and 2015 by the French national surveillance network of AMR referred to as RESAPATH were analysed. Resistance trends were investigated using non-linear analysis (generalized additive models) applied to time-series stratified by livestock production and antibiotic. Irrespective of the species and the antibiotic considered, resistance signals over time showed no significant annual cycle. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins emerged during the period of the study, with a peak at 22% [20.5; 24.0] in poultry in 2010, decreasing afterwards, while it remained consistently below 10% for the other species. The proportion of resistance to fluoroquinolones was broadly similar between species and remained under 30%, with a slight decreasing trend after 2009. Resistances to tetracycline and amoxicillin remained high, between 90% and 40% over time in cattle and swine. After 2010, there was a decrease in resistance to these antibiotics for all species, especially to tetracycline for poultry with a drop from 84% in 2009 to 43% in 2015. These results contribute to risk assessment and constitute objective evidence on which to evaluate the efficacy of control measures implemented to limit AMR occurrence.
从食用动物中分离出的细菌的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）日益引起人们对公共卫生影响的关注。AMR监测对于识别耐药趋势以及帮助设计有效且高效的控制策略至关重要。本研究的目的是描述从法国三种畜牧生产（牛、猪和家禽）中分离出的致病性大肠杆菌的抗菌药物敏感性。分析了动物健康领域最常用抗生素的耐药趋势如下：阿莫西林（青霉素）、壮观霉素或链霉素（氨基糖苷类）、四环素以及甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑/恩诺沙星和头孢噻呋也分别作为人和兽医学中至关重要的抗菌药物类别（即氟喹诺酮类和第三代头孢菌素）的成员被纳入考虑。对法国国家AMR监测网络（称为RESAPATH）在2002年至2015年期间收集的数据进行了分析。使用应用于按畜牧生产和抗生素分层的时间序列的非线性分析（广义相加模型）研究耐药趋势。无论所考虑的物种和抗生素如何，随时间的耐药信号均未显示出明显的年度周期。在研究期间出现了对第三代头孢菌素的耐药性，2010年家禽中的耐药率峰值为22%[20.5；24.0]，随后下降，而其他物种的耐药率一直低于10%。不同物种对氟喹诺酮类的耐药比例大致相似，且保持在30%以下，2009年后有轻微下降趋势。牛和猪对四环素和阿莫西林的耐药率一直很高，随时间在90%至40%之间。2010年后，所有物种对这些抗生素的耐药性均有所下降，尤其是家禽对四环素的耐药性从2009年的84%降至2015年的43%。这些结果有助于风险评估，并构成评估为限制AMR发生而实施的控制措施有效性的客观证据。
