Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes (cE3c), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), University of Évora, Núcleo da Mitra Apartado, 94 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 1;649:610-619. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.257. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
iSQAPER project - Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Resilience - aims to develop an app to advise farmers on selecting the best Agriculture Management Practice (AMPs) to improve soil quality. For this purpose, a soil quality index has to be developed to account for the changes in soil quality as impacted by the implementation of the AMPs. Some promising AMPs have been suggested over the time to prevent soil degradation. These practices have been randomly adopted by farmers but which practices are most used by farmers and where they are mostly adopted remains unclear. This study is part of the iSQAPER project with the specific aims: 1) map the current distribution of previously selected 18 promising AMPs in several pedo-climatic regions and farming systems located in ten and four study site areas (SSA) along Europe and China, respectively; and 2) identify the soil threats occurring in those areas. In each SSA, farmers using promising AMP's were identified and questionnaires were used to assess farmer's perception on soil threats significance in the area. 138 plots/farms using 18 promising AMPs, were identified in Europe (112) and China (26).Results show that promising AMPs used in Europe are Crop rotation (15%), Manuring & Composting (15%) and Min-till (14%), whereas in China are Manuring & Composting (18%), Residue maintenance (18%) and Integrated pest and disease management (12%). In Europe, soil erosion is the main threat in agricultural Mediterranean areas while soil-borne pests and diseases is more frequent in the SSAs from France and The Netherlands. In China, soil erosion, SOM decline, compaction and poor soil structure are among the most significant. This work provides important information for policy makers and the development of strategies to support and promote agricultural management practices with benefits for soil quality.
iSQAPER 项目——欧洲和中国农业生产力和环境恢复力的土壤质量互动评估——旨在开发一款应用程序，为农民提供选择最佳农业管理措施（AMP）以改善土壤质量的建议。为此，必须开发一个土壤质量指数，以说明 AMP 实施对土壤质量变化的影响。随着时间的推移，已经提出了一些有前途的 AMP 来防止土壤退化。这些做法已被农民随机采用，但农民最常采用哪些做法以及在哪些地区采用仍不清楚。本研究是 iSQAPER 项目的一部分，具体目标如下：1）在十个和四个研究地点区域（SSA）中，在几个土壤气候区和农业系统中，绘制先前选择的 18 种有前途的 AMP 的当前分布情况；2）确定这些地区存在的土壤威胁。在每个 SSA 中，确定使用有前途 AMP 的农民，并使用问卷调查评估农民对该地区土壤威胁的认识。在欧洲（112 个）和中国（26 个），共确定了 138 个使用 18 种有前途 AMP 的地块/农场。结果表明，欧洲使用的有前途的 AMP 是轮作（15%）、施肥和堆肥（15%）和少耕（14%），而中国是施肥和堆肥（18%）、残茬保持（18%）和病虫害综合管理（12%）。在欧洲，农业地中海地区的主要威胁是土壤侵蚀，而法国和荷兰的 SSA 中土壤传播的病虫害更为频繁。在中国，土壤侵蚀、土壤有机质下降、土壤紧实和土壤结构不良是最严重的问题之一。这项工作为决策者提供了重要信息，并为支持和促进有利于土壤质量的农业管理措施的发展战略提供了支持。
