Department of Veterinary Medicine,University of Bari 'Aldo Moro',Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA,Italy.
Department of Infectious Diseases,Istituto Superiore di Sanità,Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome,Italy.
Epidemiol Infect. 2018 Nov;146(15):2010-2013. doi: 10.1017/S0950268818002431. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
Canine parvovirosis is a very contagious, severe and often lethal infectious disease of dogs caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). Parvoviruses are very resistant to several disinfectants while are sensitive to halogens such as sodium hypochlorite which is often used for decontamination of veterinary clinics and animal housing facilities due to its broad spectrum of activity. If compliance with vaccination programmes and with proper disinfection plans is ensured, there should be no continuous, nor frequent, CPV-2 outbreaks in kennels and veterinary clinics. However, a continuous spread of CPV-2 infections is observed, even in kennels where an appropriate vaccination programme is applied, and this imposes a re-evaluation of disinfection protocols using sodium hypochlorite. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of concentration, contact time and presence of organic matter on the virucidal activity of sodium hypochlorite against several CPV-2 strains. A sensitive in vitro assay capable of measuring the infectivity of CPV-2 was employed to determine the efficacy of three different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. The data indicate that using a 0.75% sodium hypochlorite solution for a short contact time (1 min) can reduce significantly the CPV-2 titres and that even lower concentrations, i.e. 0.37%, can efficiently inactivate the viruses provided that the contact time is extended to 15 min. Results also confirm the importance of cleaning before disinfection since the presence of organic matter totally abrogated the virucidal activity of sodium hypochlorite solutions against the three CPV-2 strains.
犬细小病毒病是一种由犬细小病毒 2 型（CPV-2）引起的犬传染性、严重性且常致命的传染病。细小病毒对几种消毒剂具有很强的抵抗力，而对次氯酸钠等卤素敏感，由于其广谱活性，常被用于兽医诊所和动物饲养设施的消毒。如果能确保疫苗接种计划和适当的消毒计划得到遵守，那么犬舍和兽医诊所就不应出现持续或频繁的 CPV-2 爆发。然而，即使在应用了适当疫苗接种计划的犬舍中，也观察到 CPV-2 感染的持续传播，这就需要重新评估使用次氯酸钠的消毒方案。本研究的目的是确定浓度、接触时间和有机物存在对次氯酸钠对几种 CPV-2 株的杀病毒活性的影响。采用一种灵敏的体外测定法，能够测量 CPV-2 的感染性，以确定三种不同浓度的次氯酸钠的功效。数据表明，使用 0.75%的次氯酸钠溶液进行短接触时间（1 分钟）可以显著降低 CPV-2 滴度，并且即使使用更低的浓度，即 0.37%，只要接触时间延长至 15 分钟，也可以有效地灭活病毒。结果还证实了清洁在消毒之前的重要性，因为有机物的存在完全消除了次氯酸钠溶液对三种 CPV-2 株的杀病毒活性。
