Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science, Agricultural College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
Environ Toxicol. 2018 Dec;33(12):1229-1236. doi: 10.1002/tox.22629. Epub 2018 Sep 6.
Clinacanthus nutans has been used as herbal medicine with antidiabetic, blood pressure lowering, and diuretic properties in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. The in vitro cellular study showed the chloroform extract possessed significant cytotoxicity against leukemia K562 and lymphoma Raji cells. The clinical study reported that administration of plant could treat or prevent relapse in 12 cancer patients. However, detailed mechanism of the anticancer effects and chemical profiles are not thoroughly studied. The chemical study did show that the acetone extract (MHA) exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on human leukemia MOLT-4 cells and lymphoma SUP-T1 cells in dose-dependent cytotoxicity. We found that the use of MHA increased apoptosis by 4.28%-43.65% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 11.79%-26.93%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 19.54% and increased calcium ion by 233.83%, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI, JC-1, H DCFDA, and Flou-3 staining assays, respectively. MHA-induced ER stress was confirmed by increase expression of CHOP and IRE-1α with western blotting assay. In conclusion, we identified good bioactivity in Clinacanthus nutans and recognize its potential effect on cancer therapy, but further research is needed to determine the use of the plant.
新加坡、泰国和马来西亚将灵香草（Clinacanthus nutans）作为草药使用，具有降血糖、降血压和利尿的特性。体外细胞研究表明，氯仿提取物对白血病 K562 和淋巴瘤 Raji 细胞具有显著的细胞毒性。临床研究报告称，该植物的给药可治疗或预防 12 名癌症患者的复发。然而，其抗癌作用的详细机制和化学成分尚未得到深入研究。化学研究确实表明，丙酮提取物（MHA）在剂量依赖性细胞毒性中对人白血病 MOLT-4 细胞和淋巴瘤 SUP-T1 细胞表现出最高的增殖抑制作用。我们发现，MHA 的使用使细胞凋亡增加了 4.28%-43.65%，并导致线粒体膜电位（MMP）破坏了 11.79%-26.93%，活性氧（ROS）增加了 19.54%，钙离子增加了 233.83%，通过 Annexin-V/PI、JC-1、H DCFDA 和 Flou-3 染色测定分别证明。通过 Western blot 测定证实，MHA 诱导内质网应激导致 CHOP 和 IRE-1α 的表达增加。总之，我们确定了灵香草中的良好生物活性，并认识到其在癌症治疗方面的潜在作用，但需要进一步研究来确定该植物的用途。
