State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
J Nutr Biochem. 2018 Nov;61:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.005. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
Disequilibrium of the gut microbiota by dietary fat has been implicated in the incidence of overweight or obesity. However, it remains to be elucidated whether dietary fat perturbations in early life have long-lasting impacts on the gut microbiota and to what extent unbalanced diet-induced alterations in childhood are reversible. Accordingly, three groups of 1-day-old hens were used. They were fed with a low-fat diet (LFD), basal diet (BD) and high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 6 weeks and then switched to the same normal diets (NDs) for another 19 weeks. At week 6, hens in the LFD and HFD groups were found to have higher body weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than their counterparts in the BD group, whereas upon switching to NDs, the metabolic deteriorations observed during the LFD consumption were alleviated. Principal component analysis revealed a shift of the gut microbiota structure in the LFD and HFD groups away from that of the BD group at week 6, while the gut microbiota structure of the LFD group was moved back to that of the BD group after reverting to NDs. Additionally, abnormal alterations of obesity-related phylotypes were observed in the LFD and HFD groups, whereas the abundance of these phylotypes in the LFD group was almost reverted to the BD levels over time. Collectively, dietary fat perturbations in early life have long-term impacts on hosts, and the structural resilience of the gut microbiota in hens fed with HFD was lower than that in their LFD counterparts.
饮食脂肪引起的肠道微生物失衡与超重或肥胖的发生有关。然而，饮食脂肪在生命早期对肠道微生物的长期影响，以及儿童时期不平衡饮食引起的改变在多大程度上是可以逆转的，仍有待阐明。因此，使用了三组 1 日龄母鸡。它们分别喂食低脂肪饮食（LFD）、基础饮食（BD）和高脂肪饮食（HFD）6 周，然后再换用相同的正常饮食（NDs）19 周。在第 6 周，LFD 和 HFD 组的母鸡体重、血浆葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均高于 BD 组，而在换用 NDs 后，LFD 消耗期间观察到的代谢恶化得到缓解。主成分分析显示，LFD 和 HFD 组的肠道微生物结构在第 6 周时偏离了 BD 组，而 LFD 组在恢复 NDs 后，其肠道微生物结构又回到了 BD 组。此外，在 LFD 和 HFD 组中观察到肥胖相关菌属的异常改变，而随着时间的推移，LFD 组这些菌属的丰度几乎恢复到 BD 水平。总之，生命早期饮食脂肪的改变对宿主有长期影响，并且喂食 HFD 的母鸡肠道微生物的结构弹性比喂食 LFD 的母鸡低。
