Département de la Recherche, Fédération Française de Natation, Pantin, France; Centre d'Etudes des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives, EA-3832, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Rouen, France.
Département de la Recherche, Fédération Française de Natation, Pantin, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Insep, Paris, France.
Hum Mov Sci. 2018 Oct;61:219-230. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.08.002. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
This study investigated the inter- and intra-lap variability in stroking parameters during sprint competition to gain insight into the race management of speed (S), stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and stroke index (SI) in relation to gender. The stroking parameters of 32 male and 32 female finalists in the 2015 World Championships and French Championships were analysed during 50-m and 100-m freestyle events. Using a video-derived two-dimensional direct linear transformation system, the biological coefficients of variation (BCV) between cycles were computed for the 50-m and the two laps of the 100-m (L1, L2). Speed changes within each lap were modelled by linear, quadratic or cubic models. The 50-m showed higher S and SR but lower SL and SI than L1. The 50-m exhibited greater BCV S than L1, which showed higher S, SR, SL and SI than L2. BCV S and BCV SL were lower in L1 than L2 but BCV SR was higher in L1 than L2. Male swimmers showed greater BCV S than female swimmers in the 50-m and L1. For the whole population, the linear regression model was dominant in the 50-m (53.1%), L1 (53.1%) and L2 (43.8%). High mean speed often related to high intra-lap speed fluctuations and a linear speed decrease in the 50-m suggesting an 'all-out' pacing, while lower fluctuations occurred during the 100-m suggesting an 'economical' pacing.
本研究旨在探讨短跑比赛中划水参数的个体内和个体间变异性，以深入了解速度（S）、划长（SL）、划频（SR）和划桨指数（SI）在性别方面的比赛管理。分析了 2015 年世界锦标赛和法国锦标赛中 32 名男性和 32 名女性决赛选手在 50 米和 100 米自由泳项目中的划水参数。使用视频衍生的二维直接线性变换系统，计算了 50 米和 100 米两圈（L1、L2）中每个周期的生物变异系数（BCV）。通过线性、二次或三次模型对每圈的速度变化进行建模。50 米的 S 和 SR 较高，但 SL 和 SI 较低。50 米的 S 的 BCV 高于 L1，L1 的 S、SR、SL 和 SI 均高于 L2。L1 的 S 和 SL 的 BCV 低于 L2，但 L1 的 SR 的 BCV 高于 L2。男性游泳运动员在 50 米和 L1 的 S 的 BCV 高于女性游泳运动员。对于整个群体，线性回归模型在 50 米（53.1%）、L1（53.1%）和 L2（43.8%）中占主导地位。高平均速度通常与 50 米的高个体内速度波动和线性速度下降有关，表明采用了“全力以赴”的配速策略，而 100 米的波动较小，表明采用了“经济”的配速策略。
