Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Sep-Oct;6(5):1439-1444. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.031.
The roles eosinophils are recognized to play in health and disease continue to evolve. Formerly, eosinophils were believed to fill a primary role in host defense against helminths, an intermediary one in the propagation of allergic conditions, and a pathologic one in clinical conditions characterized by systemic eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of target organs. Eosinophils are increasingly understood to be positioned centrally within mammalian immune and inflammatory networks, possessing receptors for an array of inflammatory mediators and capable of producing numerous proinflammatory and homeostatic mediators. The concept has emerged that eosinophils play a major role in the modulation of allergic inflammation and in the repair of damaged tissues in diseases characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. Possible new emerging roles for eosinophils include neoplasm surveillance, tissue remodeling during puberty and pregnancy, and the restructuring of adipose tissue. The eosinophil granulocyte line appeared hundreds of millions of years ago during the evolutionary process and continues to be retained by all vertebrate species. This is strong evidence that although all the beneficial roles of eosinophils have yet to emerge, eosinophils, on balance, must be considered friends and not foes.
嗜酸性粒细胞在健康和疾病中的作用不断演变。以前，人们认为嗜酸性粒细胞在宿主防御寄生虫方面发挥主要作用，在过敏状态的传播中起中介作用，在以全身嗜酸性粒细胞增多和靶器官嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征的临床疾病中起病理作用。人们越来越认识到，嗜酸性粒细胞在哺乳动物免疫和炎症网络中处于中心地位，具有一系列炎症介质的受体，并能够产生许多促炎和稳态介质。嗜酸性粒细胞在调节过敏炎症和修复嗜酸性粒细胞浸润性疾病受损组织方面发挥重要作用的概念已经出现。嗜酸性粒细胞可能出现的新作用包括肿瘤监测、青春期和妊娠期间的组织重塑以及脂肪组织的重构。嗜酸性粒细胞粒细胞系在数亿年前的进化过程中出现，并一直被所有脊椎动物保留。这有力地表明，尽管嗜酸性粒细胞的所有有益作用尚未显现，但总的来说，必须将嗜酸性粒细胞视为朋友而不是敌人。
