Evans Emily Reiser, Bugga Pallavi, Asthana Vishwaratn, Drezek Rebekah
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
Mater Today (Kidlington). 2018 Jul-Aug;21(6):673-685. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.022. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of the body's immune system to attack tumor cells, has gained prominence over the past few decades as a viable cancer treatment strategy. Recently approved immunotherapeutics have conferred remission upon patients with previously bleak outcomes and have expanded the number of tools available to treat cancer. Nanoparticles -including polymeric, liposomal, and metallic formulations - naturally traffic to the spleen and lymph organs and the relevant immune cells therein, making them good candidates for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. Metallic nanoparticle formulations in particular are advantageous because of their potential for dense surface functionalization and their capability for optical or heat based therapeutic methods. Many research groups have investigated the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery platforms to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies. Despite the significant preclinical successes demonstrated by many of these platforms over the last twenty years, few metallic nanoparticles have successfully entered clinical trials with none achieving FDA approval for cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss preclinical research and clinical trials involving metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) for cancer immunotherapy applications and discuss the potential for clinical translation of MNPs.
癌症免疫疗法，即利用人体免疫系统攻击肿瘤细胞，在过去几十年里已成为一种可行的癌症治疗策略并日益突出。最近获批的免疫疗法已使先前预后不佳的患者实现缓解，并增加了可用于治疗癌症的手段数量。纳米颗粒——包括聚合物、脂质体和金属制剂——天然会流向脾脏和淋巴器官以及其中的相关免疫细胞，这使其成为递送免疫治疗药物的理想候选者。特别是金属纳米颗粒制剂具有优势，因为它们具有密集表面功能化的潜力以及采用基于光学或热的治疗方法的能力。许多研究小组已研究了纳米颗粒介导的递送平台提高免疫疗法疗效的潜力。尽管在过去二十年中许多此类平台在临床前取得了显著成功，但很少有金属纳米颗粒成功进入临床试验，且没有一种获得FDA批准用于癌症治疗。在本综述中，我们将讨论涉及用于癌症免疫治疗应用的金属纳米颗粒（MNP）的临床前研究和临床试验，并探讨MNP临床转化的潜力。
