Characterization, distribution, antimicrobial resistance and resistance risk factors in staphylococci isolated from cats from 2001 to 2014.

Relatively few studies have been published describing the patterns of staphylococcal isolation and antimicrobial resistance over time in cats. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency, location, characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of staphylococci isolated by the Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between the years 2001 and 2014. All feline staphylococcal isolates were classified phenotypically. Isolates corresponding to known or possibly pathogenic species (Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA)) as well as Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) and non-speciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were further evaluated to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 519 staphylococci were isolated. The largest percentage of isolates was CNS, representing 39.3% of the total, while SIG, SE, SA and non-speciated coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) represented 18.1%, 10.2%, 8.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Methicillin resistance (MR) was identified in 57.1% of SA and 20.5% of SIG. Resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial classes (multidrug resistance; MDR) was demonstrated in 54.5% of SA and 23.9% of SIG. The prevalence of MDR increased over time in both SIG and SA, while the prevalence of MR increased over time in SIG. An increase in mean antimicrobial resistance score over time was seen in SIG. This study demonstrates a high and increasing prevalence of MDR in SIG and SA, as well as increasing prevalence of MR in SIG isolated from cats.