Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
Department of Plant Biology, Educational and Scientific Center "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hlushkova Avenue, 2, 03127 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Molecules. 2018 Sep 6;23(9):2282. doi: 10.3390/molecules23092282.
The grains and sprouts of colored wheat genotypes (having blue, purple and yellow colored grains) contain specific anthocyanidins, such as pelargonidin and cyanidin derivatives, that produce beneficial health effects. The objective of the presented study is to compare the antioxidant capacity and contents of bioactive phytochemicals in grains and sprouts of wheat genotypes that differ in grain color. The methods α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activities, together with spectrophotometrical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods, were used to study the presence of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and anthocyanidins (pelargonidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin) content. It was predicted that the sprouts of all colored wheat genotypes would have significantly higher total flavonoids, total phenolics, anthocyanidin levels and antioxidant activity than the grains. The correlation results between antioxidant activity and contents of bioactive phytochemicals in grains and sprouts of colored wheat genotypes have shown a high correlation for cyanidin and pelargonidin, especially in grains, as well as quercetin in sprouts. It was found that total anthocyanin, quercetin and pelargonidin contents were significantly higher in the sprouts of the purple wheat genotypes than in the blue or yellow wheat genotypes. Delphinidin was detected at a higher level in the grains than in the sprouts of the blue wheat genotypes. Peonidin was present at very low quantities in the grains of all colored wheat genotypes. The sprouts of the purple wheat genotypes, among the colored wheat genotypes, had the highest pelargonidin, cyanidin and quercetin contents and, therefore, can be a promising source for functional food use.
彩色小麦品种（具有蓝色、紫色和黄色颗粒）的谷物和芽中含有特定的花青苷，如矢车菊素和飞燕草素衍生物，这些物质具有有益的健康作用。本研究的目的是比较不同颜色谷物的小麦品种的谷物和芽中的抗氧化能力和生物活性植物化学物质含量。采用α，α-二苯基-β-苦基肼基（DPPH）和 2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）清除活性，以及分光光度法和高效薄层色谱法（HPTLC）方法，研究总酚类、类黄酮、花青素和花色苷（矢车菊素、芍药素、飞燕草素、天竺葵素）含量。预测所有彩色小麦品种的芽中总类黄酮、总酚类、花色苷水平和抗氧化活性均显著高于谷物。彩色小麦品种的谷物和芽中抗氧化活性与生物活性植物化学物质含量之间的相关结果表明，在谷物中，花色苷和矢车菊素之间存在高度相关性，而在芽中则与槲皮素之间存在高度相关性。发现紫色小麦品种的芽中总花青素、槲皮素和矢车菊素含量显著高于蓝色或黄色小麦品种。蓝色小麦品种的芽中飞燕草素含量高于谷物。在所有彩色小麦品种的谷物中，芍药素含量极低。在彩色小麦品种中，紫色小麦品种的芽中矢车菊素、飞燕草素和槲皮素含量最高，因此可能是功能性食品的有前途的来源。
