National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Meknes BO 578, Morocco.
Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technics, Beni-Mellal BO 523, Morocco.
Molecules. 2021 Apr 28;26(9):2574. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092574.
In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3--rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (-)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3--rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3--rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3--rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels' free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar "INRA 1301" showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (-)-epicatechin, quercetin-3--rutinoside, quercetin-3--glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3--rutinoside and pelargonidin-3--rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.
在本研究中，评估了 25 种摩洛哥种植的 fig 品种的色坐标、酚酸、类黄酮和抗氧化能力，使用 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2'-联氮基-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）和脂质过氧化抑制能力（LPIC）测定法测定了这些化合物的相对 IC50。本研究的目的是确定（i）这些化合物在浅色和深色品种之间的变化，（ii）它们在果皮和果肉之间的分配，以及（iii）显示这些变量之间的网络连接。在果皮提取物中分离出 12 种酚类化合物（PCs），而在果肉样品中分离出 8 种。花色苷，主要是矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3--芸香糖苷，是果皮中的主要化合物，其平均浓度分别为 75.90±18.76 和 77.97±18.95μg/g dw。另一方面，（-）-表儿茶素和矢车菊素-3--芸香糖苷是果肉提取物中的主要化合物，其平均值分别为 5.23±4.03 和 9.01±5.67μg/g dw。应用二维层次聚类热图对数据集进行分析，以探索数据集中的相关性和品种之间的相似性，而无需降维。结果表明，花色苷，特别是天竺葵素-3--芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3--芸香糖苷，是果皮自由基清除能力的主要贡献者。与果肉相比，深色 fig 的果皮具有更高的自由基清除能力。当地品种“INRA 1301”表现出最有前途的酚类特征，因为它几乎所有检测到的 PCs 水平都非常高，特别是（-）-表儿茶素、槲皮素-3--芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3--葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3--芸香糖苷和天竺葵素-3--芸香糖苷（54.66、141.08、35.48、494.08、478.66、12.56μg/g dw）。该品种是本研究中颜色最深的 fig（L*=25.72、c*=22.09 和 h°=20.99），其 IC50 值也很有希望，DPPH、ABTS 和 LPIC 测定法的 IC50 值分别为 19.85、40.58 和 124.78μg/mL。
