Gao Yiling, Huang Xinxin, Zhu Yongbo, Lv Zhiyuan
a Molecular Diagnosis & Cell Therapy Department, Doing Institute of Translational Medicine, Beijing Doing Biomedical Technology Co., ltd, Doing Medical Group , Beijing , P.R.China.
J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2018;39(4):351-364. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1515775.
Modern immunoassay methods and techniques are important tools in labs of basic biology, biomedicine, clinical medicine, and even in home tests, such as pregnant test, many of which utilize antibody-antigen binding mechanism as their foundational principle in common. Meanwhile, compared with polyclonal anitbody, monoclonal antibody shows obvious advantages in their application of modern immunoassays. Furthermore, the progress of other technologies have also promoted the development of modern immunoassays robustly, and widely made it extend into more research and industry fields. In this review, we will first look back to the discovery of antibody-antigen binding mechanism, antibody structure, and the development of monoclonal antibody technology. Then, a brief description of different classical immunoassays will be introduced, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, Immunoprecipitation, and lateral flow immunoassays, through of which, we hope a brief and clear picture can be displayed in front of readers.
ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; WB: western blot; Mab: monoclonal antibody; IP: immunoprecipitation; LFIAs: lateral flow immunoassays.
现代免疫分析方法和技术是基础生物学、生物医学、临床医学实验室甚至家庭检测（如妊娠检测）中的重要工具，其中许多都以抗体 - 抗原结合机制作为共同的基本原理。同时，与多克隆抗体相比，单克隆抗体在现代免疫分析应用中具有明显优势。此外，其他技术的进步也有力地推动了现代免疫分析的发展，并使其广泛扩展到更多研究和工业领域。在本综述中，我们将首先回顾抗体 - 抗原结合机制的发现、抗体结构以及单克隆抗体技术的发展。然后，将简要介绍不同的经典免疫分析方法，如酶联免疫吸附测定、流式细胞术、免疫沉淀和侧向流动免疫分析，通过这些内容，我们希望能在读者面前展示一幅简洁明了的图景。
ELISA：酶联免疫吸附测定；WB：蛋白质印迹法；Mab：单克隆抗体；IP：免疫沉淀；LFIAs：侧向流动免疫分析
