Mercadillo Roberto E, Alcauter Sarael, Barrios Fernando A
Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma 1ra Secc, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.
IBRO Rep. 2018 Sep 6;5:54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.09.001. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Anthropomorphism implies the attribution of human like emotions and cognition to non-human animals. This tendency may be conditioned by similar morphologies between mammals and is particularly important in primatology. Some neurocognitive findings suggest that prefrontal brain activity associated to conceptual learning influences anthropomorphic judgments, nevertheless, individual differences are also presented indicating that training on primate behavior may influence anthropomorphism. We identified and interpreted brain activity registered by functional magnetic resonance imaging while seven trained primatologists (39.42 ± 10.86 yr.) inferred emotions in human primates, non-human primates and non-primate animals; comparisons were made with seven matched scholars with no primatological training (38.71 ± 9.34 yr.). Primatologists manifested cerebellar, occipital and frontal activity related to sensory and motor processes when valuating humans and non-human primates, but not for other animals. So, primatological training and experience may elicit brain plasticity processes allowing inner motor and sensory models through frontal and cerebellar interactions.
拟人化意味着将人类般的情感和认知赋予非人类动物。这种倾向可能受哺乳动物之间相似形态的影响，在灵长类动物学中尤为重要。一些神经认知研究结果表明，与概念学习相关的前额叶大脑活动会影响拟人化判断，然而，个体差异也表明，对灵长类动物行为的训练可能会影响拟人化。我们识别并解释了功能磁共振成像记录的大脑活动，当时七名训练有素的灵长类动物学家（39.42±10.86岁）推断人类灵长类动物、非人类灵长类动物和非灵长类动物的情绪；并与七名没有灵长类动物学训练的匹配学者（38.71±9.34岁）进行了比较。灵长类动物学家在评估人类和非人类灵长类动物时，表现出与感觉和运动过程相关的小脑、枕叶和额叶活动，但对其他动物则不然。因此，灵长类动物学训练和经验可能会引发大脑可塑性过程，通过额叶和小脑的相互作用形成内部运动和感觉模型。
