Wakwoya Ermias Bekele, Belachew Tefera, Girma Tsinuel
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 15;9:958591. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958591. eCollection 2022.
Undernutrition is an insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual's needs to maintain good health. Undernutrition during pregnancy severely affects the health of mothers and her baby. Globally it contributes directly or indirectly to 3.5 million maternal deaths annually. This study aimed to determine the level of undernutrition and identify factors associated with undernutrition among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the East Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia.
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 472 randomly selected pregnant women from June to August 2021. Sociodemographic, obstetrics, and knowledge related data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and maternal nutritional status was measured using the Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). The collected data were entered to EPI-info version 3.5.4 and then exported to SPSS for windows version 26.0 software for analysis. Multivariable regression analysis was fitted to identify determinants of undernutrition. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and a -value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant.
The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 13.9% [95% CI: 11.0-17.4]. On multivariable logistic regression model after adjusting background variables, wealth (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI 1.34-18.20), women's decision making power (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI 1.18-7.79), and nutritional counseling (AOR: 3.53, 95% CI 1.29-9.60) were independently associated with nutritional status of pregnant women.
Findings indicated that significant number of pregnant women in the study were undernourished. Higher wealth index, nutritional counseling, and women's decision-making power were inversely associated with undernutrition. The findings imply the need for economic empowerment of women, enhancing decision-making ability of women and routine and consistent nutritional counseling to decrease undernutrition among pregnant women.
营养不良是指能量和营养素摄入不足，无法满足个体维持良好健康的需求。孕期营养不良会严重影响母亲及其婴儿的健康。在全球范围内，它每年直接或间接导致350万例孕产妇死亡。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚中部东绍阿地区公共卫生机构中孕妇的营养不良水平，并找出与营养不良相关的因素。
2021年6月至8月，对472名随机选取的孕妇进行了基于机构的横断面研究。使用结构化访谈问卷收集社会人口学、产科和知识相关数据，并使用上臂中部周长（MUAC）测量孕妇的营养状况。收集的数据录入EPI-info 3.5.4版本，然后导出到SPSS for windows 26.0软件进行分析。采用多变量回归分析确定营养不良的决定因素。调整后的比值比及95%置信区间和P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
孕妇中营养不良的患病率为13.9%[95%置信区间：11.0-17.4]。在调整背景变量后的多变量逻辑回归模型中，财富（比值比：4.9，95%置信区间1.34-18.20）、女性决策权（比值比：3.31，95%置信区间1.18-7.79）和营养咨询（比值比：3.53，95%置信区间1.29-9.60）与孕妇的营养状况独立相关。
研究结果表明，该研究中有相当数量的孕妇营养不良。较高的财富指数、营养咨询和女性决策权与营养不良呈负相关。研究结果表明，需要增强妇女的经济权能，提高妇女的决策能力，并进行常规和持续的营养咨询，以减少孕妇中的营养不良情况。
