Arisi Mariachiara, Zane Cristina, Caravello Simone, Rovati Chiara, Zanca Arianna, Venturini Marina, Calzavara-Pinton Piergiacomo
Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Aug 30;5:235. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00235. eCollection 2018.
Sun exposure is the main risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). However, the UV-related pathogenetic mechanisms leading to CMM are far to be fully elucidated. In this paper we will focus on what we still don't fully know about the relationship between UVR and CMM. In particular, we will discuss: the action spectrum of human CMM, how different modalities of exposure (continuous/ intermittent; erythemal/ suberythemal) relate to different CMM variants, the preferential UVR induced DNA mutations observed in different CMM variants, the role of UV-related and UV-unrelated genetic damages in the same melanoma cells. Moreover, we will debate the importance of UVA induced oxidative and anaerobic damages to DNA and other cell structures and the role of melanins, of modulation of innate and acquired immunity, of vitamin D and of chronic exposure to phototoxic drugs and other xenobiotics. A better understanding of these issues will help developing more effective preventative strategies and new therapeutic approaches.
阳光照射是皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）的主要危险因素。然而，导致CMM的紫外线相关致病机制远未得到充分阐明。在本文中，我们将关注我们仍未完全了解的紫外线辐射（UVR）与CMM之间的关系。具体而言，我们将讨论：人类CMM的作用光谱，不同暴露方式（持续/间歇；红斑/亚红斑）如何与不同的CMM变体相关，在不同CMM变体中观察到的紫外线诱导的DNA突变偏好，紫外线相关和紫外线无关的基因损伤在同一黑色素瘤细胞中的作用。此外，我们将探讨紫外线A诱导的对DNA和其他细胞结构的氧化和厌氧损伤以及黑色素、先天和后天免疫调节、维生素D以及长期接触光毒性药物和其他外源性物质的作用的重要性。对这些问题的更好理解将有助于制定更有效的预防策略和新的治疗方法。
