Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.
Functional Genomics Laboratories, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.
Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2018 Dec;41(6):585-603. doi: 10.1007/s13402-018-0406-4. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
Tumors contain a functional subpopulation of cells that exhibit stem cell properties. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional and translational level. As such, they may be involved in various biological processes such as DNA damage repair, inflammation, metabolism, cell survival, cell signaling, cell growth and differentiation. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are key regulators of the CSC subpopulation, thereby contributing to cancer progression. The aim of this review is to overview current knowledge about the functional role and the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in the initiation, maintenance and regulation of CSCs derived from different neoplasms. These lncRNAs include CTCF7, ROR, DILC, HOTAIR, H19, HOTTIP, ATB, HIF2PUT, SOX2OT, MALAT-1, CUDR, Lnc34a, Linc00617, DYNC2H1-4, PVT1, SOX4 and ARSR Uc.283-plus. Furthermore, we will illustrate how lncRNAs may regulate asymmetric CSC division and contribute to self-renewal, drug resistance and EMT, thus affecting the metastasis and recurrence of different cancers. In addition, we will highlight the implications of targeting lncRNAs to improve the efficacy of conventional drug therapies and to hamper CSC survival and proliferation.
lncRNAs are valuable tools in the search for new targets to selectively eliminate CSCs and improve clinical outcomes. LncRNAs may serve as excellent therapeutic targets because they are stable, easily detectable and expressed in tissue-specific contexts.
肿瘤中存在具有干细胞特性的功能亚群细胞。这些细胞被命名为癌症干细胞（CSC），在癌症的发生和进展中起着重要作用。长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）可以在转录、转录后和翻译水平发挥作用。因此，它们可能参与多种生物学过程，如 DNA 损伤修复、炎症、代谢、细胞存活、细胞信号转导、细胞生长和分化。越来越多的证据表明，lncRNA 是 CSC 亚群的关键调节因子，从而促进癌症的进展。本综述的目的是概述当前关于 lncRNA 在不同肿瘤来源的 CSC 的起始、维持和调节中的功能作用和作用机制的知识。这些 lncRNA 包括 CTCF7、ROR、DILC、HOTAIR、H19、HOTTIP、ATB、HIF2PUT、SOX2OT、MALAT-1、CUDR、Lnc34a、Linc00617、DYNC2H1-4、PVT1、SOX4 和 ARSR Uc.283-plus。此外，我们将说明 lncRNA 如何调节不对称 CSC 分裂并有助于自我更新、耐药性和 EMT，从而影响不同癌症的转移和复发。此外，我们将强调针对 lncRNA 以提高常规药物治疗的疗效并阻碍 CSC 存活和增殖的意义。
lncRNA 是寻找新的靶向以选择性消除 CSC 并改善临床结果的有价值的工具。lncRNA 可能是极好的治疗靶点，因为它们稳定、易于检测且在组织特异性背景中表达。
