University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019 Jan 1;43(1):1-18. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035.
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
人体微生物群落，统称为微生物组，是免疫的关键调节剂。这一概念的基础是微生物组的变化与特定自身免疫性疾病之间的关联。具体来说，在全球最常见的自身免疫性疾病类风湿关节炎中，口腔和肠道微生物组的变化被认为与自身抗原的耐受性丧失以及促进关节损伤的炎症事件增加有关。在本综述中，我们强调了微生物在类风湿关节炎发病机制中的作用的最新研究进展。此外，我们还探讨了一些重要的免疫调节过程，包括生物膜形成和中性粒细胞功能，这些过程与类风湿关节炎相关的宿主-微生物相互作用有关。最后，我们介绍了新兴基于微生物组的治疗方法的最新进展。总之，我们的结论是，揭示类风湿关节炎发病机制的关键在于口腔和肠道微生物组的免疫调节功能。
