Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov;25(32):31971-31986. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3197-2. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
Some of pathogenic bacteria and fungi have the ability to produce fetal toxins which may be the direct causes of cytotoxicity or cellular dysfunction in the colonization site. Biological and non-biological environmental factors, challenge and microbes influence the effect of toxins on these pathogens. Modern research mentions that many natural materials can reduce the production of toxins in pathogenic microbes. However, researches that explain the mechanical theories of their effects are meager. This review aimed to discuss the ameliorative potential role of plant-derived compounds and probiotics to reduce the toxin production of food-borne microbes either in poultry bodies or poultry feedstuff. Moreover, studies that highlight their own toxicological mechanisms have been discussed. Adding natural additives to feed has a clear positive effect on the enzymatic and microbiological appearance of the small intestine without any adverse effect on the liver. Studies in this respect were proposed to clarify the effects of these natural additives for feed. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the incorporation of probiotics, herbal extracts, and herbs in the poultry diets has some beneficial effects on productive performance, without a positive impact on economic efficiency. In addition, the use of these natural additives in feed has a useful impact on the microbiological appearance of the small intestine and do not have any adverse impacts on intestinal absorption or liver activity as evidenced by histological examination.
一些致病菌和真菌具有产生胎儿毒素的能力，这些毒素可能是定植部位细胞毒性或细胞功能障碍的直接原因。生物和非生物环境因素、挑战和微生物影响毒素对这些病原体的影响。现代研究提到，许多天然物质可以减少致病菌中毒素的产生。然而，解释其作用的机械理论的研究很少。本综述旨在讨论植物来源的化合物和益生菌对减少食源性病原体在禽类体内或饲料中产生毒素的改良潜力。此外，还讨论了强调其自身毒理学机制的研究。在饲料中添加天然添加剂对小肠的酶学和微生物学外观有明显的积极影响，对肝脏没有任何不利影响。在这方面的研究旨在阐明这些天然添加剂对饲料的影响。总之，可以认为在禽类日粮中添加益生菌、草药提取物和草药对生产性能有一些有益的影响，而对经济效益没有积极影响。此外，正如组织学检查所示，这些天然添加剂在饲料中的使用对小肠的微生物学外观有有益的影响，并且对肠道吸收或肝脏活性没有任何不利影响。
